Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T03:25:29.853Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Energy Transport and Measurements in Wildland and Prescribed Fires

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2022

Kevin Speer
Affiliation:
Florida State University
Scott Goodrick
Affiliation:
US Forest Service
Get access

Summary

This chapter describes the fundamental mechanisms of energy transport in and near the flaming front. Convective and radiative processes that generate ignition and subsequent fire spread, the transport of heat in different forms, through and around fuels, both horizontally and vertically, as well as energy measurement considerations are discussed.

Type
Chapter
Information
Wildland Fire Dynamics
Fire Effects and Behavior from a Fluid Dynamics Perspective
, pp. 63 - 76
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Àgueda, A, Pastor, E, Pérez, Y, Planas, E (2010) Experimental study of the emissivity of flames resulting from the combustion of forest fuels. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 49(3), 543554.Google Scholar
Albini, FA (1986) Wildland fire spread by radiation: A model including fuel cooling by natural convection. Combustion Science & Technology 45(1–2), 101113.Google Scholar
Aminfar, A, Cobian-Iñiguez, J, Ghasemian, M, Espitia, NR, Weise, DR, Princevac, M (2020): Using background-oriented Schlieren to visualize convection in a propagating wildland fire. Combustion Science and Technology 192(12), 22592279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, HE (1969) Heat Transfer and Fire Spread. USDA Forest Service, Research Paper INT 69, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden UT, 1–20.Google Scholar
Anderson, WR, Catchpole, EA, Butler, BW (2010) Convective heat transfer in fire spread through fine fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, 284298.Google Scholar
Butler, BW (2010) A portable system for characterizing wildland fire behavior. In: Viegas, DX, ed. Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research; November 15–18; Coimbra, Portugal. Coimbra, Portugal: University of Coimbra.Google Scholar
Butler, BW, Cohen, J, Latham, DJ, Schuette, RD, Sopko, P, Shannon, KS, Jimenez, D, Bradshaw, LS (2004) Measurements of radiant emissive power and temperatures in crown fires. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34(8), 15771587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canfield, JM, Linn, RR, Sauer, JA, Finney, M, Forthofer, J (2014) A numerical investigation of the interplay between fireline length, geometry, and rate of spread. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology189, 4859.Google Scholar
Cohen, JD, Finney, MA (2010) An examination of fuel particle heating during fire spread. In: Viegas, DX, ed. Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Forest Fire Research; November 15–18; Coimbra, Portugal. Coimbra, Portugal: University of Coimbra.Google Scholar
Finney, MA, Cohen, JD, Forthofer, JM, McAllister, SS, Gollner, MJ, Gorham, DJ, Saito, K, Akafuah, NK, Adam, BA, English, JD (2015) Role of buoyant flame dynamics in wildfire spread. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(32), 98339838.Google Scholar
Finney, MA, Cohen, JD, Grenfell, IC, Yedinak, KM (2010) An examination of fire spread thresholds in discontinuous fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, 163170.Google Scholar
Finney, MA, McAllister, SS (2011) A review of fire interactions and mass fires. Journal of Combustion 2011, 548328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forthofer, JM, Goodrick, SL (2011) Review of vortices in wildland fire. Journal of Combustion 2011, 14.Google Scholar
Frankman, D, Webb, BW, Butler, BW (2008) Influence of absorption by environmental water vapor on radiation transfer in wildland fires. Combustion Science & Technology 180(3), 509518.Google Scholar
Frankman, D, Webb, BW, Butler, BW (2010) Time-resolved radiation and convection heat transfer in combusting discontinuous fuel beds. Combustion Science & Technology 182(10), 122.Google Scholar
Frankman, D, Webb, BW, Butler, BW, Jimenez, D, Forthofer, JM, Sopko, P, Shannon, KS, Hiers, JK, Ottmar, RD (2012) Measurements of convective and radiative heating in wildland fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, 157167.Google Scholar
Frankman, D, Webb, BW, Butler, BW, Jimenez, D, Harrington, M (2013) The effect of sampling rate on interpretation of the temporal characteristics of radiative and convective heating in wildland flames. International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, 168173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gettle, G, Rice, CL (2002) Criteria for determining the safe separation between structures and wildlands. In Viegas, DX, ed. IV International Conference on Forest Fire Research & Wildland Fire Safety Summit; November 18–23; Luso, Coimbra, Portugal. Rotterdam: Millpress.Google Scholar
King, AR (1961) Compensating radiometer. British Journal of Applied Physics 12, 633.Google Scholar
Morandini, F, Silvani, X, Rossi, L, Santoni, P-A, Simeoni, A, Balbi, J-H, Louis Rossi, J, Marcelli, T (2006) Fire spread experiment across Mediterranean shrub: Influence of wind on flame front properties. Fire Safety Journal 41(3), 229235.Google Scholar
Packham, D, Pompe, A (1971) Radiation temperatures of forest fires. Australian Forest Research 5, 18.Google Scholar
Parent, G, Acem, Z, Lechêne, S, Boulet, P (2010) Measurement of infrared radiation emitted by the flame of a vegetation fire. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 49(3), 555562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quintiere, JG (2006) Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Raj, PK (2008) Field tests on human tolerance to (LNG) fire radiant heat exposure, and attenuation effects of clothing and other objectsJournal of Hazardous Materials 157(2–3), 247259.Google Scholar
Silvani, X, Morandini, F (2009) Fire spread experiments in the field: Temperature and heat fluxes measurements. Fire Safety Journal 44(2), 279285.Google Scholar
Spearpoint, MJ (1999) Predicting the Ignition and Burning Rate of Wood in the Cone Calorimeter using an Integral Model. Building and Fire Research Laboratory, NIST GCR 99-775, MD.Google Scholar
Sullivan, AL, Ellis, PF, Knight, IK (2003) A review of radiant heat flux models used in bushfire applications. International Journal of Wildland Fire 12(1), 101110.Google Scholar
Viskanta, R (2008) Overview of some radiative transfer issues in simulation of unwanted fires. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 47(12), 15631570.Google Scholar
Wotton, BM, Gould, JS, McCaw, WL, Cheney, NP, Taylor, SW (2012) Flame temperature and residence time of fires in dry eucalypt forest. International Journal of Wildland Fire 21(3), 270281.Google Scholar
Yedinak, KM, Cohen, JD, Forthofer, JM, Finney, MA (2010) An examination of flame shape related to convection heat transfer in deep-fuel beds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, 171178.Google Scholar
Yedinak, KM, Forthofer, JM, Cohen, JD, Finney, MA (2006) Analysis of the profile of an open flame from a vertical fuel source. Forest Ecology and Management 234(Suppl. 1), S89.Google Scholar
Zheng, Y, Zhou, X, Ye, K, Liu, H, Cao, B, Huang, Y, Ni, Y, Yang, L (2019) A two-dimension velocity field measurement method for the thermal smoke basing on the optical flow technology. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 70, 101637.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×