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Chapter Five - The causes and consequences of parasite interactions: African buffalo as a case study

from Part I - Understanding within-host processes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 October 2019

By
Vanessa O. Ezenwa ,
Anna E. Jolles ,
Brianna R. Beechler ,
Sarah A. Budischak  and
Erin E. Gorsich
Edited by
Kenneth Wilson ,
Andy Fenton  and
Dan Tompkins
Kenneth Wilson
Affiliation:
Lancaster University
Andy Fenton
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Dan Tompkins
Affiliation:
Predator Free 2050 Ltd
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Summary

Parasites live and interact in multi-species communities. As these interactions are often hidden, the extent to which they occur, their relative strength and consequences are poorly understood. We review work on parasite interactions occurring in free-living African buffalo, which are distributed across the African continent and host a diversity of parasites, from bacteria and viruses to helminths. Three case studies of pairwise interactions between some of the most common and economically important parasites of buffalo shed new light on the effects of parasite interactions for individual hosts and population-level disease dynamics. Work on interactions between macro- and microparasites (common gastrointestinal worm infections and bovine tuberculosis, TB) suggests that immune responses underlie complex interactions. At individual host level, worms enhance TB infection severity, but at population level they can limit TB spread. Analysis of interactions between TB and Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) shows that TB presence makes increases RVFV effects. Work into how two dominant members of the worm community living in the buffalo gastrointestinal tract reassemble after perturbation reveals that the processes driving interactions between parasites can be dynamic over time. We use combined approaches to bridge the gap between individual and population scales and show how studies of natural populations can advance understanding of parasite interactions.

Keywords

Syncerus cafferparasite interactionsmacroparasitemicroparasitebovine tuberculosishelminthsrift valley fevertick-borne infections
Type
Chapter
Information
Wildlife Disease Ecology
Linking Theory to Data and Application
 , pp. 129 - 160
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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