Book contents
- Working with Refugee Families
- Working with Refugee Families
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I Refugee Family Relationships
- Part II Trauma Care for Refugee Families
- Part III Intersectoral Psychosocial Interventions in Working with Refugee Families
- Conclusion
- Index
- References
Part II - Trauma Care for Refugee Families
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 August 2020
Book contents
- Working with Refugee Families
- Working with Refugee Families
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Part I Refugee Family Relationships
- Part II Trauma Care for Refugee Families
- Part III Intersectoral Psychosocial Interventions in Working with Refugee Families
- Conclusion
- Index
- References
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Working with Refugee FamiliesTrauma and Exile in Family Relationships, pp. 117 - 264Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020
References
References
Fazel, M., Wheeler, J. and Danesh, J., Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: A systematic review. The Lancet, 365(9467) (2005), 1309–1314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter-Brick, C. and Stein, A., Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379(9812) (2012), 266–282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reed, R. V., Fazel, M., Jones, L., Panter-Brick, C. and Stein, A., Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in low-income and middle-income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379(9812) (2012), 250–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCubbin, M. A. and Patterson, J. M., The family stress process: The double ABCX model of family adjustment and adaptation. Marriage and Family Review, 6(1–2) (1983), 7–37.Google Scholar
Bala, J. and Kramer, S., Intercultural dimensions in the treatment of traumatized refugee families. Traumatology, 16(4) (2010), 153–159. DOI:http://10.1177/1534765610369262Google Scholar
Measham, T., Guzder, J., Rousseau, C., Pacione, L., Blais-McPherson, M. and Nadeau, L., Refugee children and their families: Supporting psychological well-being and positive adaptation following migration. Current Problematic Pediatric Adolescent Healthcare, 44(7) (2014), 208–215. DOI:http://10.1016/j.cppeds.2014.03.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slobodin, O. and de Jong, J. T., Family interventions in traumatized immigrants and refugees: A systematic review. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(6) (2015), 723–742. DOI:http://10.1177/1363461515588855Google Scholar
Mooren, T. and Stöfsel, M., Diagnosing and Treating Complex Trauma (London: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
Kiser, L. J. and Black, M. M., Family processes in the midst of urban poverty: What does the trauma literature tell us? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(6) (2005), 715–750.Google Scholar
Appleyard, K. and Ostrovsky, J. D., Parenting after trauma: Supporting parents and caregivers in the treatment of children impacted by violence. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24(2) (2003), 111–125.Google Scholar
van Ee, E., Kleber, R. J. and Mooren, T., War trauma lingers on: Associations between maternal PTSD, parent-child interaction and child development. Infant Mental Health Journal, 33(5) (2012), 459–468.Google Scholar
De Haene, L., Grietens, H. and Verschueren, K., Adult attachment in the context of refugee traumatization: The impact of organized violence and forced separation on parental states of mind regarding attachment. Atttachment and Human Development, 12(3) (2010), 249–264. DOI:http://10.1080/14616731003759732Google Scholar
Price, S. J., Price, C. A. and McKenry, P. C., eds., Families and Change: Coping with Stressful Events and Transitions (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2010).Google Scholar
van Ee, E., Sleijpen, M., Kleber, R. J. and Jongmans, M. J., Father-involvement in a refugee sample: Relations between posttraumatic stress and caregiving. Family Process, 52(4) (2013), 723–735.Google Scholar
Lambert, J., Holtzer, J. and Hasbun, A., Association between parents’ PTSD severity and children’s psychological processes. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(5) (2014), 9–17.Google Scholar
Nickerson, A., Bryant, R. A., Silove, D. and Steel, Z., A critical review of psychological treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3) (2011), 399–417.Google Scholar
Weine, S., Muzorovic, N., Kulauzovic, Y., Besic, S., Lezic, A., Mujagic, A. et al., Family consequences of refugee trauma. Family Process, 43(2) (2004), 147–160.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., Resilience under conditions of extreme stress: A multilevel perspective. World Psychiatry, 9(3) (2010), 145–154.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2) (2012), 335–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sleijpen, M., Haagen, J., Mooren, T. and Kleber, R. J., Growing from experience: An exploratory study of posttraumatic growth in adolescent refugees. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7(1) (2016), ArtID: 28698. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v7.28698CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCubbin, L. D. and McCubbin, H., Resilience in ethnic family systems: A relational theory of research practice. In Becvar, D. S., ed., Handbook of Family Resilience (New York: Springer, 2013), pp. 174–196.Google Scholar
Olson, D. H., Multisystem assessment of stress and health (MACH) model. In Catherall, D. R., ed., Handbook of Stress, Trauma, and the Family (New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2004), pp. 325–347.Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., Global perspectives on resilience in children and Youth. Child Development, 85(1) (2014), 6–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ungar, M., Working with Children and Youth with Complex Needs: 20 Skills to Build Resilience (New York: Routledge, 2015).Google Scholar
Walsh, F., Family resilience: A framework for clinical practice. Family Process, 42(1) (2003), 1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawley, D. R., The ramifications for clinical practices. In Becvar, D. S., ed., Handbook of Family Resilience (New York: Springer, 2013), pp. 30–50.Google Scholar
McCubbin, M. A. and McCubbin, H. I., Theoretical orientations to family stress and coping. In Figley, C. R., ed., Treating Stress in Families (New York: Brunner-Mazel, 1989), pp. 3–45.Google Scholar
Asen, E., Multiple family therapy: An overview. Journal of Family Therapy, 24(1) (2002), 3–16.Google Scholar
Asen, E. and Scholz, M., Multi-family Therapy: Concepts and Techniques (London: Routledge, 2010).Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., Measham, T. and Moro, M. R., Working with interpreters in child mental health. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16(1) (2011), 55–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Ee, E., Multi-family therapy for veteran and refugee families in the Netherlands: Understanding complex interactions. BMC: Military Medical Research, 5(1) (2018), 25. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-018–0170-9Google Scholar
Slade, A., Parental reflexive functioning: An introduction. Attachment & Human Development, 7(3) (2005), 269–281.Google Scholar
Zeegers, M. A. J., Colonnesi, C., Stams, G. J. J. M. and Meins, E., Mind matters: A meta-analysis on parental mentalization and sensitivity as predictors of infant-parent attachment. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12) (2017), 1245–1272.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P. and Bateman, A. W., Mechanisms of change in mentalization-based treatment of BPD. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62(4) (2006), 411–430.Google Scholar
Schore, A. N., Affect Dysregulation and the Repair of the Self (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003).Google Scholar
Mooren, T. and Bala, J., Goed ouderschap in moeilijke tijden [Good parenting in difficult times] (Utrecht: Pharos, 2016).Google Scholar
References
Nathan, T., La folie des autres: Traité d’ethnopsychiatrie clinique (Paris: Dunod, 1986).Google Scholar
Nathan, T., La fonction psychique du trauma. Nouvelle revue d’ethnopsychiatrie, 8 (1987), 7–9.Google Scholar
Nathan, T., Migration et rupture de la filiation. In Yahyaoui, A., ed., Troubles du langage et de la filiation chez le maghrébin de la deuxième génération (Grenoble: La pensée sauvage, 1988).Google Scholar
Moro, M. R., Psychothérapie transculturelle des enfants de migrants (Malakoff: Dunod, 1998).Google Scholar
Moro, M. R., Enfants d’ici venus d’ailleurs: Naître et grandir en France (Paris: La Découverte, 2002).Google Scholar
Moro, M. R. and Nathan, T., Le bébé migrateur: Spécificités et psychopathologie des interactions précoces en situation migratoire. In Lebovici, S. and Weil-Halpern, F., eds., Psychopathologie du bébé (Paris: PUF, 1989), pp. 683–722.Google Scholar
Moro, M. R. and Nathan, T., Ethnopsychiatrie de l’enfant. In Lebovici, S., Diatkine, R. and Soulé, M., eds., Nouveau traité de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent (Paris: PUF, 1995), pp. 423–46.Google Scholar
Moro, M. R., Aimer ses enfants ici et ailleurs: Histoires transculturelles (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2007).Google Scholar
Lachal, C., Le comportement de privation hostile. L’Autre, 1(1) (2000), 77. https://doi.org/10.3917/lautr.001.0077Google Scholar
De Clercq, M., Les répercussions psychiatriques et psycho-sociales des catastrophes et trauma graves. Médecine de Catastrophe: Urgences Collectives, 2(3–4) (1999), 73–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1279-8479(00)80006–3Google Scholar
Benhaim, D., Meurtre, héritage traumatique, transmission. Variations. Revue internationale de théorie critique, 12 (2008). DOI:http://10.4000/variations.244Google Scholar
Suarez-Orozco, M. M. and Robben, A. C., Interdisciplinary perspectives on violence and trauma. In Robben, A. C. and Su’arez-Orozco, M., eds., Cultures under Siege: Collective Violence and Trauma (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 1–42.Google Scholar
Baubet, T. and Moro, M. R., L’approche ethnopsychiatrique. Enfances & Psy, 4(12) (2000), 111–17.Google Scholar
Eiguer, A., Migration et faux-self: Perspectives récentes. L’information psychiatrique, 83(9) (2007), 737–43.Google Scholar
Bydlowski, M.. La transparence psychique de la grossesse. Études freudiennes, 32(29) (1991), 66–213.Google Scholar
Moro, M. R., Neuman, D. and Réal, I., Maternités en exil: Mettre des bébés au monde et les faire grandir en situation transculturelle (Paris: La pensée sauvage, 2008).Google Scholar
World Heath Organization, ed., Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope, repr. (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002).Google Scholar
Lebovici, S. and Lamour, M., Les interactions du nourrisson avec ses partenaires. Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale, Psychiatrie, 37(190) (1989), B60.Google Scholar
Stork, H., Enfances Indiennes: étude de psychologie transculturelle et comparée du jeune enfant (Paris: Paidos/Le Centurion, 1986).Google Scholar
Stork, H., Introduction à la psychologie anthropologique (Paris: Paidos/Le Centurion, 1999).Google Scholar
Tomkiewicz, S., Eunson, P. D. and Kreisler, L., L’enfant et la guerre: enfance majuscule. In Pollpot, M.-P., ed., La résilience: le réalisme de l’espérence (Paris: Fondation pour l’Enfance, 1997), pp. 3–34.Google Scholar
Feldman, M., Les enfants exposés aux violences collectives (Toulouse: Erès, 2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ancharoff, M. R., Munroe, J. F. and Fisher, L. M., The legacy of combat trauma. In Danieli, Y., International Handbook of Multigenerational Legacies of Trauma (New York: Springer, 1998), pp. 257–76.Google Scholar
Bar-On, D., Eland, J., Kleber, R. J., Krell, R., Moore, Y., Sagi, A. et al., Multigenerational perspectives on coping with the Holocaust experience: An attachment perspective for understanding the developmental sequelae of trauma across generations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(2) (1998), 315–38.Google Scholar
Coates, S., Rosenthal, J. and Schechter, D., September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds (New York: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar
Swenson, C. C. and Klingman, A., Children and war. In Saylor, C. F., ed., Children and Disasters (New York: Springer, 1993), pp. 137–63.Google Scholar
Chaib, J., Transgenerational transmission of trauma in the Palestinian camp of Shatila, research paper (Paris 13 University, 2010).Google Scholar
El Husseini, M., Ghosn, Y., Assaf, G., Issa, L. and Yammine, D., Prevalence of psychological disorders in children and adolescents in the Palestinian refugee camp of Al-Buss, Lebanon, research paper (Handicap International in Lebanon, 2010).Google Scholar
Jabr, S., Derrière les fronts: chroniques d’une psychiatre psychothérapeute palestinienne sous occupation (Paris: Premiers Matins De Novembre, 2018).Google Scholar
Betancourt, T. S., McBain, R. K., Newnham, E. A. and Brennan, R. T., The intergenerational impact of war: Longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(10) (2015), 1101–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12389Google Scholar
Field, N. P., Muong, S. and Sochanvimean, V., Parental styles in the intergenerational transmission of trauma stemming from the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(4) (2013), 483–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajop.12057CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, M., Neuner, F. and Elbert, T., Transgenerational consequences of PTSD: Risk factors for the mental health of children whose mothers have been exposed to the Rwandan genocide. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8(1) (2014), 1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Song, S. J., Tol, W. and de Jong, J., Indero: Intergenerational trauma and resilience between Burundian former child soldiers and their children. Family Process, 53(2) (2014), 239–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12071Google Scholar
Bosquet, M., Egeland, B., Carlson, E., Blood, E. and Wright, R. J., Mother–infant attachment and the intergenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 26(1) (2014), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000515Google Scholar
Moro, M. R., Nos enfants demain: Pour une société multiculturelle (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2010).Google Scholar
Moro, M. R, De La Noë, Q. and Mouchenik, Y., Manuel de psychiatrie transculturelle: Travail clinique, travail social (Grenoble: La pensée sauvage, 2006).Google Scholar
Moro, M. R., Riand, R. and Plard, V., Manuel de psychopathologie du bébé et de sa famille (Grenoble: La pensée sauvage, 2010).Google Scholar
References
Nadeau, L., Author, B. and Measham, T., Addressing cultural diversity through collaborative care. In Kirmayer, L., Rousseau, C. and Guzder, J., eds., Cultural Consultation: Encountering the Other in Mental Health Care (New York: Springer, 2014), pp. 203–221.Google Scholar
McFarlane, A. and Kaplan, I., Evidence-based psychological interventions for adult survivors of torture and trauma: A 30-year review. Transcultural Psychiatry, 49(3–4) (2012), 539–567.Google Scholar
Kevers, R., Rober, P., Derluyn, I. and De Haene, L., Remembering collective violence: Broadening the notion of traumatic memory in post-conflict rehabilitation. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 40(4) (2016), 620–640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gemignani, M., The past if past: The use of memories and self-healing narratives in refugees from the former Yugoslavia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24 (2011), 132–156.Google Scholar
Brough, M., Schweitzer, R., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Vromans, L. and King, J., Unpacking the micro-macro nexus: Narratives of suffering and hope among refugees from Burma recently settled in Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 26(2) (2013), 207–225.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. K., Failures of imagination: The refugee’s narrative in psychiatry. Anthropology & Medicine, 10(2) (2003), 167–185.Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., Morales, M. and Foxen, P., Going home: Giving voice to memory strategies of young Mayan refugees who returned to Guatemala as a community. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 25(2) (2001), 135–168.Google Scholar
Sluzki, C., The Presence of the Absent: Therapy with Families and Their Ghosts (New York: Routledge, 2015).Google Scholar
De Haene, L., Rober, P., Adriaenssens, P. and Verschueren, K., Voices of dialogue and directivity in family therapy with refugees: Evolving ideas about dialogical refugee care. Family Process, 51(3) (2012), 391–404.Google Scholar
Rober, P. and Rosenblatt, P., Silence and memories of war: An autoethnographic exploration of family secrecy. Family Process, 56 (2017), 250–261.Google Scholar
Hooghe, A., Rosenblatt, P. and Rober, P., ‘We hardly ever talk about it’: Emotional responsive attunement in couples after a child’s death. Family Process, 57(1) (2018), 226–240. DOI:http://10.1111/famp.12274Google Scholar
Kevers, R., Rober, P., Rousseau, C. and De Haene, L., Silencing or silent transmission? An exploratory study on trauma communication in Kurdish refugee families. Transcultural Psychiatry, (2019, under revision).Google Scholar
Dalgaard, N. T. and Montgomery, E., Disclosure and silencing: A systematic review of the literature on patterns of trauma communication in refugee families. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(5) (2015), 579–593.Google Scholar
Montgomery, E., Tortured families: A coordinated management of meaning analysis. Family Process, 43(3) (2004), 349–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Measham, T. and Rousseau, C., Family disclosure of war trauma to children. Traumatology, 16(2) (2010), 85–96.Google Scholar
Lin, N. J., Suyemoto, K. L. and Kiang, P. N., Education as catalyst for intergenerational refugee family communication about war and trauma. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 30(4) (2009), 195–207.Google Scholar
Dalgaard, N., Todd, B., Daniel, S. and Montgomery, E., The transmission of trauma in refugee families: Associations between intra-family trauma communication style, children’s attachment security and psychosocial adjustment. Attachment & Human Development, 18(1) (2016), 69–89.Google Scholar
Kevers, R., Rober, P. and De Haene, L., The role of collective identifications in family processes of posttrauma reconstruction: An exploratory study of Kurdish refugee families and their diasporic community. Kurdish Studies, 5(2) (2017), 3–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousseau, C. and Measham, T. J., Posttraumatic suffering as a source of transformation: A clinical perspective. In Kirmayer, L. J., Lemelson, R. and Barad, M., eds., Understanding Trauma: Integrating Biological, Clinical and Cultural Perspectives (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 275–294.Google Scholar
De Haene, L., Rousseau, C., Kevers, R., Deruddere, N. and Rober, P., Stories of trauma in family therapy with refugees: Supporting safe relational spaces of narration and silence. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 23(2) (2018), 258–278.Google Scholar
Rober, P., The therapist’s self in dialogical family therapy: Some ideas about not-knowing and the therapist’s inner conversation. Family Process, 44(4) (2005), 477–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rober, P., In Therapy Together: Family Therapy as a Dialogue (London: Palgrave, 2017).Google Scholar
Minuchin, S. and Fishman, H. C., Family Therapy Techniques (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981).Google Scholar
Bourgeois-Guérin, E. and Rousseau, C., La survie comme don: Réflexions entourant les enjeux de la vie suite au genocide chez des hommes rwandais. L’Autre, 15(1) (2014), 55–63.Google Scholar
Uehara, E. S., Farris, M., Morelli, P. T. and Ishisaka, A., ‘Eloquent chaos’ in the oral discourse of killing fields survivors: An exploration of atrocity and narrativization. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 25(1) (2001), 29–61.Google Scholar
Andersen, T., The reflecting team: Dialogue and meta-dialogue. Family Process, 26(4) (1987), 415–428.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L., Rousseau, C. and Guzder, J., Introduction: The place of culture in mental health services. In Kirmayer, L., Guzder, J. and Rousseau, C., eds., Cultural Consultation: Encountering the Other in Mental Health Care (New York: Springer, 2014), pp. 1–20.Google Scholar
Rober, P. and De Haene, L., Intercultural therapy and the limitations of a cultural competency framework: About cultural differences, universalities and the unresolvable tensions between them. Journal of Family Therapy, 36(S1) (2014), 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rober, P., Some hypotheses about hesitations and their nonverbal expression in family therapy practice. Journal of Family Therapy, 24(2) (2002), 187–204.Google Scholar
Pely, D., Quasi-customary dispute resolution mechanisms in Israeli Darfuri refugees. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 35(1) (2017), 111–140. DOI:http://10.1002/crq.21198Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. K., The refugee’s predicament. L’Évolution Psychiatrique, 67(4) (2002), 724–742.Google Scholar
De Haene, L. and Rober, P., Looking for a home: An exploration of Jacques Derrida’s notion of hospitality in family therapy practice with refugees. In McCarthy, I. and Simon, G., eds., Systemic Therapy as Transformative Practice (Farnhill: Everything is Connected Press, 2016), 94–110.Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., The place of the unexpressed: Ethics and methodology for research with refugee children. Canada’s Mental Health, 41(Winter) (1993–1994), 12–16.Google Scholar
References
Kirmayer, L. J., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A., Guzder, J. et al., Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: A general approach in primary care. CMAJ, 183(12) (2010), 1–9.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. J., Groleau, D., Guzder, J., Blake, C. and Jarvis, E., Cultural consultation: A model of mental health service for multicultural societies. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(3) (2003), 145–53.Google Scholar
Lewis-Fernando, R., Aggarwal, N., Hinton, L., Hinton, D. E. and Kirmayer, L., DSM-5 Handbook on Cultural Formulation Interview (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2016).Google Scholar
Williams, R., Cultural safety. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23(22) (1999), 213–14.Google Scholar
McGoldrick, M., Pearce, J. and Giordano, J., Ethnicity and Family Therapy (New York: Guilford, 1982).Google Scholar
McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R. and Petry, S. S., Genograms: Assessment and Intervention (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2008).Google Scholar
Cleveland, J., Rousseau, C. and Guzder, J., Cultural consultation for refugees. In Kirmayer, L. J., Guzder, J. and Rousseau, C., eds., Cultural Consultation: Encountering the Other in Mental Health Care (New York: Springer, 2014), pp. 245–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sluzki, C. E., The Presence of the Absent: Therapy with Families and their Ghosts (New York: Routledge, 2016).Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. J., Dzokoto, V. and Ademole, A., Varieties of global psychiatry and constructions of the self. In Fernando, S. and Moodley, R., eds., Global Psychologies: Mental Health and Global South (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).Google Scholar
Marcus, H. R. and Kitayama, S., Culture and the self: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 98(2) (1991), 420–30.Google Scholar
Roland, A., In Search of Self in India and Japan: Towards a Cross-Cultural Psychology (New Haven, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Kitayama, S., Karasawa, M., Curham, K. B., Ryff, C. D. and Markus, H. R., Independence and interdependence predict health and wellbeing: Divergent patterns in the United States and Japan. Frontiers in Psychology, 1 (2010), 163.Google Scholar
Kakar, S., The Inner World: A Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K., Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics (Chicago, IL: The Chicago Legal Forum, 1989), pp. 139–66.Google Scholar
Akhtar, S. and Tummala-Narra, P., Psychoanalysis in India. In Akhtar, S., ed., Freud along the Ganges (New York: The Other Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Vaidyhanathan, T. G. and Kripal, J. J., Visnu on Freud’s Desk: A Reader in Psychoanalysis and Hinduism (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R. et al., Beyond the ‘East-West’ dichotomy: Global variations in cultural models of selfhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 145(8) (2016), 966–1000.Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., Said, T. M., Gagne, M.-J. and Bibeau, G., Resilience in unaccompanied minors from the north of Somalia. The Psychoanalytic Review, 85(4) (1998), 615–37.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57 (1987), 316–31.Google Scholar
Werner, E. E., High-risk children in young adulthood: A longitudinal study from birth to 32 years. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59(1) (1989), 72–81.Google Scholar
Ungar, M., Brown, M., Liebenberg, L., Othman, R., Kwong, W. M., Armstrong, M. et al., Unique pathways to resilience across cultures in adolescence. Roslyn Heights, 42(166) (2007), 287–310.Google Scholar
Fernando, S., ed., Mental Health in a Multi-ethnic Society: A Multi-disciplinary Handbook (London: Routledge, 1995).Google Scholar
Jack, D. C. and Ali, A., eds., Silencing the Self across Cultures: Depression and Gender in the Social World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. V., Distinguishing distress from disorder as psychological outcomes of stressful social arrangements. Health, 11(3) (2007), 273–89.Google Scholar
Steinhauer, P., The Least Detrimental Alternative: A Systematic Guide to Case Planning and Decision Making for Children in Care (Toronto: University of Toronto, 1991).Google Scholar
Akhtar, S., A third individuation: Immigration, identity and the psychoanalytic process. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 43 (1995), 1051–84.Google Scholar
Mahler, M., The first three sub-phases of the separation-individuation process. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 53 (1972), 333.Google Scholar
Williams, R., Cultural safety: What does it mean for our work practice? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23(2) (2008), 213–14.Google Scholar
De Haene, L., Rousseau, C., Kevers, R., Deruddere, N. and Rober, P., Stories of trauma in family therapy with refugees: Supporting safe relational spaces of narration and silence. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23(2) (2018), 258–78.Google Scholar
Guzder, J., Institutional racism as a seminal concept of cultural competency training. In Moodley, R. and Ocampo, M., eds., Critical Psychiatry and Mental Health: Exploring the Work of Suman Fernando in Clinical Practice (New York: Routledge, 2014).Google Scholar
Kleinman, A., Das, V. and Lock, M., eds., Social Suffering (Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1997).Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L., Kronick, R. and Rousseau, C., Advocacy as a key to structural competency in psychiatry. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2) (2018), 119–20.Google Scholar
Dols, M. W., Majun: The Madman in Medieval Islamic Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Lashley, M., The unrecognized social stressors of migration and reunification in Caribbean families. Transcultural Psychiatry, 37(2) (2000), 203–17.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. J., Guzder, J. and Rousseau, C., eds., Cultural Consultation: Encountering the Other in Mental Health Care (New York: Springer, 2014).Google Scholar
References
Statistics Canada, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity: Key Results from the 2016 Census (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2017).Google Scholar
Statistics Canada, Gateways to Immigration in Canada (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2017).Google Scholar
McLellan, J., Cambodian Refugees in Ontario (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009).Google Scholar
Central Intelligence Agency, Cambodia. In The World Factbook (Internet). (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2017). www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/cb.htmlGoogle Scholar
Rechtman, R., Stories of trauma and idioms of distress: From cultural narratives to clinical assessment. Transcultural Psychiatry, 37(3) (2000), 403–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fung, K. and Lo, T., An integrative clinical approach to cultural competent psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 47(2) (2017), 65–73.Google Scholar
de Walque, D., The Long-Term Legacy of the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2004).Google Scholar
Seybolt, T. B., Aronson, J. D. and Fischhoff, B., Counting Civilian Casualties: An Introduction to Recording and Estimating Nonmilitary Deaths in Conflict (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar
Statistics Canada, Census Profile. 2016 Census. (Internet). (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2017). www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=EGoogle Scholar
Hays, J., (2008). Buddhism in Cambodia. (Internet). http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Cambodia/sub5_2e/entry-2880.htmlGoogle Scholar
Sugunasiri, S. H., The Buddhist view concerning the dead body. Transplantation Proceedings, 22(3) (1990), 947–9. http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=2349713&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinksGoogle Scholar
Epasinghe, P., (2012).The tragic story of Bhikkhuni Patachara. Sunday Observer. http://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2012/12/23/spe02.aspGoogle Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A. and Lillis, J., Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1) (2006), 1–25.Google Scholar
Fung, K., Acceptance and commitment therapy: Western adoption of Buddhist tenets? Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(4) (2015), 561–76. http://tps.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/01/1363461514537544.abstractGoogle Scholar
Fung, K. P. L. and Wong, J. P. H., Acceptance and commitment therapy and Zen Buddhism. In Masuda, A. and O’Donohue, W. T., eds., Handbook of Zen, Mindfulness, and Behavioral Health (Cham: Springer, 2017), pp. 271–88.Google Scholar
Fung, K. and Zhu, Z.-H., Acceptance and commitment therapy and Asian thought. In Moodley, R., Lo, T. H.-T. E. and Zhu, N., eds., Asian Healing Traditions in Counseling and Psychotherapy (Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2018).Google Scholar
Ruiz, F., A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10(1) (2010), 125–62.Google Scholar
A-Tjak, J. G. L., Davis, M. L., Morina, N., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J. and Emmelkamp, P. M. G., A meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(1) (2015), 30–6.Google Scholar
Fung, K., Lake, J., Steel, L., Bryce, K. and Lunsky, Y., ACT processes in group intervention for mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(8) (2018), 2740–7. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-018–3525-xGoogle Scholar
Fung, K., Lunsky, Y., Steel, L., Bryce, K. and Lake, J., Using acceptance and commitment therapy for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In Guastaferro, K. and Lutzker, J. R., eds., Evidence-Based Parenting Programs for Parents of Children with Autism and Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities (London: Jessica Kingsley, 2018).Google Scholar
Lunsky, Y., Fung, K., Lake, J., Steel, L. and Bryce, K., Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for mothers of children and youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mindfulness, 9(4) (2018), 1110–6. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-017–0846-3Google Scholar
Fung, K. P. and Wong, J., ACT to Reduce Stigma of Mental Illness: A Group Intervention Training Manual on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Toronto: Strength in Unity, 2014).Google Scholar
Kabat-Zinn, J., Eating meditation. In Kabat-Zinn, J., Mindfulness for Beginners (CD) (Louisville, KY: Sounds True, Inc., 2006).Google Scholar
Obeyesekere, G., The Work of Culture: Symbolic Transformations in Psychoanalysis and Anthropology (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1991).Google Scholar
References
World Health Organization, Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women: Prevalence and Health Effects of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-partner Sexual Violence (World Health Organization, 2013). www.who.int/reproductivehealthGoogle Scholar
Chan, Y.-C. and Yeung, J. W.-K., Children living with violence within the family and its sequel: A meta-analysis from 1995–2006. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(5) (2009), 313–322.Google Scholar
Evans, S., Davies, C. and DiLillo, D., Exposure to domestic violence: A meta-analysis of child and adolescent outcomes. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(2) (2008), 131–140.Google Scholar
Levendosky, A., Bogat, G. and Huth-Bocks, A., The influence of domestic violence on the development of the attachment relationship between mother and young children. Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28 (2011), 512–517.Google Scholar
Kitzmann, K., Gaylord, N., Holt, A. and Kenny, E., Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(2) (2003), 339–352.Google Scholar
Carpenter, G. L. and Stacks, A. M., Developmental effects of exposure to intimate partner violence in early childhood: A review of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(8) (2009), 831–839.Google Scholar
Annerbäck, E. M., Sahlqvist, L., Svedin, C. G., Wingren, G. and Gustafsson, P. A., Child physical abuse and concurrence of other types of child abuse in Sweden: Associations with health and risk behaviors. Child Abuse and Neglect, 36(7–8) (2012), 585–595.Google Scholar
Zeanah, C., Berlin, L. and Boris, N., Practitioner review: Clinical applications of attachment theory and research for infants and young children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(8) (2011), 819–833.Google Scholar
Perilla, J., (2003). Domestic violence in refugee and immigrant communities. Tapestri Inc., Refugee and Immigrant Coalition Against Domestic Violence. www.tapestri.org/article_Domestic_Violence_Immigrant1.htmlGoogle Scholar
Al-Modallal, H., Zayed, I., Abujilban, S., Shebab, T. and Atoum, M., Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among women visiting health care centers in Palestine refugee camps in Jordan. Health Care for Women International, 36(2) (2015), 137–148.Google Scholar
Annan, J., Falb, K., Kpebo, D., Hossain, M. and Gupta, J., Reducing PTSD symptoms through a gender norms and economic empowerment intervention to reduce intimate partner violence: A randomized controlled pilot study in Côte D’Ivoire. Global Mental Health, 4 (2017), e22(1–9).Google Scholar
Jernbro, C. and Janson, S., (2017). Våld mot barn 2016. En nationell kartläggning. Rapport från Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset (Violence against Children. A National Survey Report from Allmänna Barnhuset Foundation).Google Scholar
Sullivan, M., Senturia, K., Negash, T., Shiu-Thornton, S. and Giday, B., ‘For us it is like living in the dark’: Ethiopian women’s experiences with domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(8) (2005), 922–940.Google Scholar
Biswas, R. K., Rahman, N., Kabir, E. and Raihan, F., Women’s opinion on the justification of physical spousal violence: A quantitative approach to model the most vulnerable households in Bangladesh. PLoS One, 12(11) (2017), e0187884. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187884Google Scholar
Norris, P. and Inglehart, R., Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, 2nd ed., Cambridge Studies in Social Theory, Religion and Politics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar
Al-Modallal, H., Patterns of coping with partner violence: Experiences of refugee women in Jordan. Public Health Nursing, 29(5) (2012), 403–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
West, C., African immigrant women and intimate partner violence: A systematic review. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 25(1) (2016), 4–17.Google Scholar
Phinney, J. and Flores, J., ‘Unpackaging’ acculturation: Aspects of acculturation as predictors of traditional sex role attitudes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(3) (2002), 320–331.Google Scholar
Nilsson, J., Brown, C., Russell, E. and Khamphakdy-Brown, S., Acculturation, partner violence, and psychological distress in refugee women from Somalia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(11) (2008), 1654–1663.Google Scholar
Darvishpour, M., Immigrant women challenge the role of men: How the changing power relationship within Iranian families in Sweden intensifies family conflicts after immigration. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33 (2002), 271–296.Google Scholar
Fisher, C., Changed and changing gender and family roles and domestic violence in African refugee background communities’ post-settlement in Perth, Australia. Violence Against Women, 19(7) (2013), 833–847.Google Scholar
Hayes, B., Freilich, J. and Chermak, S., An exploratory study of honor crimes in the United States. Journal of Family Violence, 31(3) (2016), 303–314.Google Scholar
Hecker, T., Fetz, S., Ainamani, H. and Elbert, T., The cycle of violence: Associations between exposure to violence, trauma-related symptoms and aggression – Findings from Congolese refugees in Uganda. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(5) (2015), 448–455.Google Scholar
Catani, C., Jacob, N., Schauer, E., Kohila, M. and Neuner, F., Family violence, war and natural disasters: A study of the effect of extreme stress on children’s mental health in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry, 8 (2008), 33.Google Scholar
Dagher, R., Garza, M. and Backes Kozhimannil, K., Policymaking under uncertainty: Routine screening for intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 20(6) (2014), 730–749.Google Scholar
World Health Organization, (2013). Responding to Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence against Women: WHO Clinical and Policy Guidelines. www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/9789241548595/en/Google Scholar
Almqvist, K., Källström, Å., Appell, P. and Anderzen-Carlsson, A., Mothers’ opinions on being asked about exposure to intimate partner violence in child healthcare centres in Sweden. Journal of Child Health Care, 22(2) (2017), 228–237.Google Scholar
Moss, E., Bureau, J., St-Laurent, D. and Tarabulsy, G., Understanding disorganized attachment at preschool and school age: Examining divergent pathways of disorganized and controlling children. In Solomon, J. and George, C., eds., Disorganized Attachment and Caregiving (New York: The Guilford Press, 2011), pp. 53–79).Google Scholar
Dahlgaard, N. and Montgomery, E., Disclosure and silencing: A systematic review of the literature on patterns of communication in refugee families. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52 (2015), 579–593.Google Scholar
James, K., Domestic violence within refugee families: Intersecting patriarchal culture and the refugees experience. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 31(3) (2013), 275–284.Google Scholar
Aaron, S. and Beaulaurier, R., The need for new emphasis on batterers intervention programs. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 18(4) (2017), 425–432.Google Scholar
Meyer, S., Motivating perpetrators of domestic and family violence to engage in behaviour change: The role of fatherhood. Child and Family Social Work, 23(1) (2018), 97–104.Google Scholar
Rizo, C. F., Macy, R. J., Ermentrout, D. M. and Johns, N. B., A review of family interventions for intimate partner violence with a child focus or child component. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(2) (2011), 144–166.Google Scholar
Bourey, C., Williams, W., Bernstein, E. and Stephenson, R., Systematic review of structural interventions for intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries: Organizing evidence for prevention. BMC Public Health, 15 (2015), 1165.Google Scholar
Ellsberg, M., Arango, D., Morton, M., Gennari, F., Kiplesund, S., Contreras, M. et al., Prevention of violence against women and girls: What does the evidence say? The Lancet, 385(9977) (2015), 1555–1566.Google Scholar
Elliot, L., Nerney, M., Jones, T. and Friedmann, P. D., Barriers for screening for domestic violence. Journal of General International Medicine, 17(2) (2002), 112–116.Google Scholar
Saile, R., Ertl, V., Neuner, F. and Catani, C., Does war contribute to family violence against children? Findings from a two-generational multi-informant study in Northern Uganda. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(1) (2014), 135–146.Google Scholar
References
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (1948). (16.3). www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/Google Scholar
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, (1989). (art. 7, 9, 10). www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspxGoogle Scholar
UN High Commissioner for Refugees, (2008). UNHCR Guidelines on Determining the Best Interests of the Child. www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49103ece2.htmlGoogle Scholar
The Geneva Convention. (1949). Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (art. 24–26). www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/publications/icrc-002–0173.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations. The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 2006; entered into force on 23 December 2010. www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CED/Pages/ConventionCED.aspxGoogle Scholar
European Council Directive 2003/86/EC, (2003). On the Right to Family Reunification. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32003L0086Google Scholar
Reichelt, S. and Sveaass, N., Therapy with refugee families: What is a ‘good’ conversation? Family Process, 33 (1994), 247–263.Google Scholar
Reichelt, S. and Sveaass, N., Creating meaningful conversations with families in exile. Journal of Refugee Studies, 7 (1994), 124–143.Google Scholar
Sveaass, N. and Reichelt, S., Engaging refugee families in therapy: Exploring the benefits of including referring professionals in the first family interviews. Family Process, 40 (2001), 95–114.Google Scholar
Sveaass, N. and Reichelt, S., Refugee families in therapy: From referrals to therapeutic conversations. Journal of Family Therapy, 23 (2001), 119–135.Google Scholar
Bragg, B. and Wong, L. L., ‘Cancelled dreams’: Family reunification and shifting Canadian immigration policy. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 14(1) (2015), 46–85.Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., Mekki-Barrada, A. and Moreau, S., Trauma and extended separation from family among Latin American and African refugees in Montreal. Psychiatry, 64(1) (2001), 40–59.Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., Rufagari, M.-C., Bagilishya, D. and Measham, T., Remaking family life: Strategies for re-establishing continuity among Congolese refugees during the family reunification process. Social Science & Medicine, 59 (2004), 1095–1108.Google Scholar
Choummanivong, C., Poole, G. E. and Cooper, A., Refugees’ family reunification and mental health in resettlement. Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, (2014). ISSN: (Print) 1177-083X (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzk20Google Scholar
Sluzki, C. E., Disappeared: Semantic and somatic effects of political repression in a family seeking therapy. Family Process, 29 (1990), 131–143.Google Scholar
Sluzki, C. E., Deception and fear in politically oppressive contexts: Its trickle-down effects on families. Review of Policy Research, 22(5) (2005), 625–635.Google Scholar
Sluzki, C. E., Toward a model of family and political victimization: Implications for treatment and recovery. Psychiatry, 56 (1993), 178–187.Google Scholar
Rosenck, R. and Thomson, J., ‘Detoxification’ of Vietnam War trauma: A combined family-individual approach. Family Process, 25 (1987), 559–570.Google Scholar
Lie, B., Sveaass, N. and Eilertsen, D. E., Family, activity and posttraumatic reactions in exile. Community, Work & Family, 7 (2004), 327–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwarzer, R., Jerusalem, M. and Hahn, A., Unemployment, social support and health complaints: A longitudinal study of stress in East German refugees. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 4 (1994), 31–45.Google Scholar
Solomon, Z. and Waysman, M., From front line to home front: A study of secondary traumatization. Family Process, 31 (1992), 289–302.Google Scholar
Krupinski, J. and Burrows, G., Psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults. In Krupinski, J. and Burrows, G., eds., The Price of Freedom: Young Indochinese Refugees in Australia, Rushcutters Bay (Sydney: Pergamon Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Beiser, M., Influence of time, ethnicity, and attachment on depression in South Asian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145 (1988), 183–195.Google Scholar
Montgomery, E., Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124 (2011), 1–46.Google Scholar
Gorst-Unsworth, C. and Goldenberg, E., Psychological sequelae of torture and organized violence suffered by refugees from Iraq. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172 (1998), 90–94.Google Scholar
Beiser, M., Johnson, P. J. and Turner, R. J., Unemployment, underemployment and depressive affect among Southeast Asian refugees. Psychological Medicine, 23 (1993), 732–743.Google Scholar
Bjørn, G. J., Gustafsson, P. A., Sydsjø, G. and Bertero, C., Family therapy sessions with refugee families: A qualitative study. Conflict and Health, 7 (2013), 7.Google Scholar
Sahal, R., (2015), ‘Livet satt på vent’: En studie om enslige flyktninger som har søkt om famliegjenforening (‘Life on hold’: A study of separated minors who have applied for family reunification). Master’s thesis at the Department of Psychology, University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Silove, D., The psychological effects of torture, mass human rights violations, and refugee trauma: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187 (1999), 200–207.Google Scholar
Sourander, A., Refugee families during asylum seeking. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3) (2010), 203–207. www.tandfonline.com/loi/ipsc20Google Scholar
Gergen, K., The social constructionist movement in modern psychology. American Psychologist, 40 (1985), 266–275.Google Scholar
Anderson, H. and Goolishian, H., Human systems as linguistic systems: Preliminary and evolving ideas about the implications for clinical theory. Family Process, 27 (1988), 371–339.Google Scholar
Anderson, H. and Goolishian, H., The client is the expert: A not-knowing approach to therapy. In McNamee, S. and Gergen, K. J., eds., Therapy as Social Construction (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992), pp. 25–39.Google Scholar
Andersen, T., The reflecting team. Dialogue and meta-dialogue in clinical work. Family Process, 26 (1987), 415–428.Google Scholar
Hoffman, L., The reflexive stance for family therapy. In McNamee, S. and Gergen, K. J., eds., Therapy as Social Construction (London: Sage, 1992), pp. 7–24.Google Scholar
de Shazer, S., Clues: Investigating Solutions in Brief Therapy (New York: Norton,1988).Google Scholar
White, M. and Epston, D., Narrative Means to Therapeutic Ends (New York: Norton, 1990).Google Scholar
Palazzoli, M. S., Boscolo, L, Cecchin, G. and Prata, G., The problem of the referring person. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 6 (1980), 3–9.Google Scholar
Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G., Hoffman, L. and Penn, P., Milan Systemic Family Therapy: Conversations in Theory and Practice (New York: Basic Books, 1987).Google Scholar
Imber-Black, E., Families and Larger Systems: A Family Therapist’s Guide through the Labyrinth (New York: Guilford Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Bemak, F., Cross-cultural family therapy with South-East Asian refugees. Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies, 8 (1989), 22–27.Google Scholar
Gansan, S., Fine, S. and Lin, T. Y., Psychiatric symptoms in refugee families from South East Asia: Therapeutic challenges. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 43 (1989), 218–228.Google Scholar
Arredondo, P., Orjula, A. and Moore, I., Family therapy with Central American war refugee families. Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies, 8 (1989), 27–35.Google Scholar
De Haene, L., Rober, P., Adriaenssens, P. and Verschueren, K., Voices of dialogue and directivity in family therapy with refugees: Evolving ideas about dialogical refugee care. Family Process, 51 (2012), 391–404.Google Scholar
Flaskas, C., Holding hope and hopelessness: Therapeutic engagements with the balance of hope. Journal of Family Therapy, 29 (2007), 186–202.Google Scholar
NTNU, RVTS and the Department of Psychology, UiO. Familiegjenforening i eksil: Forebygging gjennom familiesamtaler (Family reunification in exile: Prevention through family conversations) (2016). https://samforsk.no/Publikasjoner/2016/Familiegjenforening_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
References
Taylor, J., Confronting “culture” in medicine’s “culture of no culture”. Academic Medicine, 78(6) (2003), 555–559.Google Scholar
Aviv, R., (2017). The Trauma of Facing Deportation. New Yorker. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/04/03/the-trauma-of-facing-deportation (Accessed September 10, 2017.)Google Scholar
Brink, S., (2017). In Sweden, Hundreds of Refugee Children Gave Up on Life. NPR. ww.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/03/30/521958505/only-in-sweden-hundreds-of-refugee-children-gave-up-on-life (Accessed September 10, 2017.)Google Scholar
Aronsson, B., Wiberg, C., Sandstedt, P. and Hjern, A., Asylum-seeking children with severe loss of activities of daily living: Clinical signs and course during rehabilitation. Acta Paediatrica, 98(12) (2009), 1977–1981.Google Scholar
Sallin, K., Lagercrantz, H., Evers, K., Engström, I., Hjern, A. and Petrovic, P., Resignation syndrome: Catatonia? Culture-bound? Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(7) (2016), 1–18.Google Scholar
Läkartidningen. http://lakartidningen.se/Sok-arkiv/?f=q:uppgivenhetssyndrom (Accessed January 25, 2018.)Google Scholar
Picard, A., Trump’s Zero-Tolerance Policy Inflicts Anguish on Kids – With Toxic Health Impacts. The Globe and Mail. www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-trumps-zero-tolerance-policy-inflicts-anguish-on-kids-with-toxic-health-impacts/ (Accessed July 12, 2018.)Google Scholar
Kraft, C., AAP Statement Opposing the Border Security and Immigration Reform Act (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018). www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/AAPStatementOpposingBorderSecurityandImmigrationReformAct.aspx (Accessed July 12, 2018.)Google Scholar
Harrison, V., Nauru Refugees: The Island Where Children Have Given up on Life. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-45327058 (Accessed September 23, 2018.)Google Scholar
Summerfield, D., Childhood, war, refugeedom and “trauma”: Three core questions for mental health professionals. Transcultural Psychiatry, 37(3) (2000), 417–433.Google Scholar
Kleinman, A., Das, V. and Lock, M., eds., Social Suffering (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Pain, C., Kanagaratnam, P. and Payne, D., The debate about trauma and psychosocial treatment for refugees. In Simich, L. and Andermann, L., eds., Refuge and Resilience: Promoting Resilience and Mental Health among Resettled Refugees and Forced Migrants (New York: Springer, 2014), pp. 51–60.Google Scholar
Cross, T., Bazron, B., Dennis, K. and Isaacs, M., Towards a Culturally Competent System of Care (Vol I) (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Child Development Center/CASSP Technical Assistance Center, 1989).Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L., Fung, K., Rousseau, C., Lo, H. T., Menzies, P., Guzder, J. et al., Guidelines for training in cultural psychiatry. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3) (2012), S1.Google Scholar
Fung, K., Lo, H. T., Srivastava, R. and Andermann, L., Organizational cultural competence consultation to a mental health institution. Transcultural Psychiatry, 49(2) (2012), 165–184.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L., Rethinking cultural competence. Transcultural Psychiatry, 49(2) (2012), 149–164.Google Scholar
Agic, B., Andermann, L., McKenzie, K. and Tuck, A., Refugees in host countries: Psychosocial aspects and mental health. In Wenzel, T. and Drozdek, B., eds., An Uncertain Safety: Integrative Health Care for the 21st Century Refugees (Cham: Springer, 2019), pp. 187–211.Google Scholar
Hansen, H., Braslow, J. and Rohrbaugh, R., From cultural to structural competency: Training psychiatry residents to act on social determinants of health and institutional racism. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2) (2017), 117–118. DOI: http://10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3894Google Scholar
Hansen, H. and Metzl, J., Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Social Science and Medicine, 103 (2014), 126–133.Google Scholar
Hansen, H. and Metzl, J., Structural competency and psychiatry. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2) (2017), E2. DOI:http://10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3894Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L., Kronick, R. and Rousseau, C., Advocacy as key to structural competency in psychiatry. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2) (2017), E1–E2. DOI:http://10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3894Google Scholar
Silove, D., Steel, Z., Suslik, I., Frommer, N., Loneragan, C., Chey, T. et al., The impact of the refugee decision on the trajectory of PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among asylum seekers: A longitudinal study. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 2(6) (2007), 321–329.Google Scholar
Ryan, D., Kelly, F. and Kelly, B., Mental health among persons awaiting an asylum outcome in western countries. International Journal of Mental Health, 38(3) (2009), 88–111.Google Scholar
Hocking, D., Kennedy, G. and Sundram, S., Mental disorders in asylum seekers: The role of the refugee determination process and employment. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203(1) (2015), 28–32.Google Scholar
Kronick, R., Rousseau, C. and Cleveland, J., Mandatory detention of refugee children: A public health issue? Paediatrics Child Health, 16(8) (2011), e65–e67.Google Scholar
Silove, D., Steel, Z. and Watters, C., Policies of deterrence and the mental health of asylum seekers. JAMA, 284(5) (2000), 604–611.Google Scholar
Kleinman, A., Rethinking Psychiatry: From Cultural Category to Personal Experience (New York: The Free Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Green-Pedersen, C. and Odmalm, P., Going different ways? Right-wing parties and the immigrant issue in Denmark and Sweden. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(3) (2008), 367–381.Google Scholar
Eastmond, M., Egalitarian ambitions, constructions of difference: The paradoxes of refugee integration in Sweden. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(2) (2011), 277–295.Google Scholar
Ruth, A., The second new nation: The mythology of modern Sweden. In Grabaud, S., ed., Norden: The Passion for Equality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 240–282.Google Scholar
Pupuvac, V., Refugees in the “sick role”: Stereotyping refugees and eroding refugee rights. New Issues in Refugee Research (The UNHCR Policy Development and Evaluation Service), 128 (2006), 1–24.Google Scholar
Barrett, J., Baturalp, I., Gbikpi, N. and Rehberg, K., An exploration and critique of the use of mental health information within refugee status determination proceedings in the United Kingdom. Refugee Studies Centre, 100 (2014), 1–15.Google Scholar
Raju, P., Stein, D. and Dushimiyimana, F., Suffering as “symptom”: Psychiatry and refugee youth. In Pashang, S., Khanlou, N. and Clarke, J., eds., Today’s Youth and Mental Health: Hope, Power and Resilience (Cham: Springer, 2018), pp. 341–358.Google Scholar
American Psychological Association, (2018). www.apa.org/advocacy/immigration/separating-families-letter.pdf (Accessed July 12, 2018.)Google Scholar
Frances, A., Robert Spitzer: The most influential psychiatrist of his time. The Lancet, 3(2) (2016), 110–111. www.thelancet.com/psychiatry (Accessed January 27, 2018.)Google Scholar
Frances, A., The past, present and future of psychiatric diagnosis. World Psychiatry, 12(2) (2013), 111–112.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. and Pedersen, D., Toward a new architecture for global mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 51(6) (2014), 759–776.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L., Psychotherapy and the cultural concept of the person. Transcultural Psychiatry, 49(2) (2012), 232–257.Google Scholar
Phillips, N., Adams, G. and Salter, P., Beyond adaptation: Decolonizing approaches to coping with oppression. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 3(1) (2015), 365–387.Google Scholar
Adams, G., Doblesb, I., Gómezc, L., Kurtisd, T. and Molina, L., Decolonizing psychological science: Introduction to the special thematic section. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 3(1) (2015), 213–238.Google Scholar
Schauer, M., Neuner, F. and Ebert, T., Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Short-Term Treatment for Traumatic Stress Disorders (Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe, 2011).Google Scholar
Cienfuegos, J. and Monelli, C., The testimony of political repression as a therapeutic instrument. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53(1) (1983), 43–51.Google Scholar
Lustig, S., Weine, S., Saxe, G. and Beardslee, W., Testimonial psychiatry for adolescent refugees: A case series. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41(1) (2004), 31–45.Google Scholar
Rousseau, C., Gauthier, M., Lacroix, L., Alain, N., Benoit, M., Moran, A. et al., Playing with identities and transforming shared realities: Drama therapy workshops for adolescent immigrants and refugees. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 32(1) (2005), 13–27.Google Scholar
Tinkler, T., Transitory freedom: Political discourses of refugee youth in a photography-based after-school program. (PhD thesis.) (Santa Barbara, CA: University of California, 2006.)Google Scholar
Yohani, S., Creating an ecology of hope: Arts-based interventions with refugee children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 25(4) (2008), 309–323.Google Scholar
Berger, P., Physicians rise up against refugee health care cuts. University of Toronto Medical Journal, 93(1) (2015), 7–8.Google Scholar
Kronick, R., Rousseau, C., Beder, M. and Goel, R., International solidarity to end immigration detention. The Lancet, 389(10068) (2017), 501–502.Google Scholar
References
Arendt, A., We refugees. In Robinson, M., ed., Altogether Elsewhere: Writers on Exile (London: Faber and Faber, 1996), pp. 110–19.Google Scholar
Lechte, J., Rethinking Arendt’s theory of necessity: Humanness as ‘way of life’, or: The ordinary as extraordinary. Theory, Culture & Society, 35(1) (2018), 3–22.Google Scholar
Fassin, D., Compassion and repression: The moral economy of immigration policies in France. Cultural Anthropology, 22(3) (2005) 362–87.Google Scholar
Morsink, J., The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting and Intent (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Watters, C., Refugees at Europe’s borders: The moral economy of care. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(7) (2007), 394–418.Google Scholar
Morgan, G., Melluish, S. and Welham, A., Exploring the relationship between postmigratory stressors and mental health for asylum seekers and refused asylum seekers in the UK. Transcultural Psychiatry, 54(5–6) (2017), 653–74.Google Scholar
ter Heide, F. J., Sleijpen, M. and van der Aa, N., Posttraumatic world assumptions among treatment-seeking refugees. Transcultural Pscyhiatry, 54(5–6) (2017), 824–39.Google Scholar
Daniel, E. V. and Knudsen, J. C., eds., Mistrusting Refugees (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. L., Failures of imagination: The refugee’s narrative in psychiatry. Anthropology & Medicine, 10(2) (2003), 167–87.Google Scholar
Rabinow, P. and Marcus, G. E., Designs for an Anthropology of the Contemporary (Durham: Duke University Press, 2008).Google Scholar
Das, V., The act of witnessing: Violence, poisonous knowledge, and subjectivity. In Das, V., Kleinman, A., Ramphele, M. and Reynolds, P., eds., Violence and Subjectivity (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998), pp. 205–25.Google Scholar
Nakeyar, C., Esses, V. and Reid, G. J., The psychosocial needs of refugee children and youth and best practices for filling these needs: A systematic review. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22(2) (2017), 1–23.Google Scholar
Afuape, T. and Krause, I.-B., eds., Urban Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: A Responsive Approach to Communities (London: Karnac Books, 2016).Google Scholar
Burnham, J., Development in social grrraaacceeess: Visible-invisible and voiced-unvoiced. In Krause, I.-B., ed., Culture and Reflexivity in Systemic Psychotherapy: Mutual Perspectives (London: Karnac Books, 2012), pp. 139–62.Google Scholar
Jemmott, R., Gender-gender identity-geography-race-religion-age-ability-appearance- class -culture, -caste, -education, -ethnicity –economics- spirituality – sexuality –sexual orientation –writ large on the wall. Context, (2017), 3–4.Google Scholar
Krause, I.-B., Cross-cultural psychotherapy and neoliberalism. In Littlewood, R. and Abadio, B., eds., 2nd Intercultural Psychotherapy Volume (London: Routledge, 2019).Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, , 1953, para. 103, quoted in Das, V., The act of witnessing: Violence, poisonous knowledge, and subjectivity. In Das, V., Kleinman, A., Ramphele, M. and Reynolds, P., eds., Violence and Subjectivity (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998), pp. 205–25.Google Scholar
Bateson, G., Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution and, Epistemology (London: Jason Anronson, 1972).Google Scholar
Watzlawick, P., Bavelas, J. B. and Jackson, D. D., Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1967).Google Scholar
Rober, P., The therapist’s self in dialogical family therapy: Some ideas about not-knowing and the therapist’s inner conversation. Family Process, 44 (2005), 477–95.Google Scholar
Seikkula, J., Dialogue is the change: Understanding psychotherapy as a semiotic process of Bakhtin, Voloshinov and Vygotsky. Human Systems: The Journal of Systemic Consultation and Management, 14(2) (2003), 83–94.Google Scholar
Andersen, T., The reflecting team: Dialogue and meta-dialogue in clinical work. Family Process, 26(4) (1987), 415–28.Google Scholar
Burnham, J., Relational reflexivity: A tool for socially constructing therapeutic relationships. In Flaskas, C., Mason, B. and Perlesz, A., eds., The Space Between: Experience, Context, and Process in the Therapeutic Relationship (London: Karnac Books, 2005), pp. 1–17.Google Scholar
Krause, I.-B., Culture and Reflexivity in Systemic Psychotherapy: Mutual Perspectives (London: Karnac Books, 2012).Google Scholar
Ahmed, S., Declaration of whiteness: The non-performativity of anti-racism. Borderlands, 3(2) (2004). http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/ahmed_declarations.htmGoogle Scholar
D’Arcangelis, C. L., Revelations of a white settler woman scholar–activist: The fraught promise of self-reflexivity. Cultural Studies: Critical Methodologies, 18(5) (2017), 1–15.Google Scholar
Rabinow, P. and Stavrianakis, A., Movement space: Putting anthropological theory, concepts and cases to the test. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 6(1) (2016), 403–31.Google Scholar
Pillow, W. S., Reflexivity as interpretation and genealogy in research. Cultural Studies: Critical Methodologies, 15(6) (2015), 419–34.Google Scholar
Krause, I.-B., The complexity of cultural competence. In Lowe, F., ed., Thinking Space: Promoting Thinking about Race, Culture and Diversity in Psychotherapy and Beyond (London: Karnac Books, 2014), pp. 109–26.Google Scholar
Papadopoulos, R., ed., Therapeutic Care for Refugees: No Place like Home (London: Karnac Books, 2002).Google Scholar
Kohut, H., The Analysis of Self: A Systematic Approach to the Psychoanalysis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (New York: International Universities Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Geertz, C., From the native’s point of view: On the nature of anthropological knowledge. Bulletin of the American Arts & Sciences, 28(1) (1974), 26–45.Google Scholar
May, T., Gilles Deleuze: An Introduction (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Strathern, M., The nice thing about culture is that everyone has it. In Strathern, M., ed., Shifting Contexts: Transformations in Anthropological Knowledge (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 153–76.Google Scholar
Nichterlein, M. and Morss, J. R., Deleuze and Psychology: Philosophical Provocations to Psychological Practices (London: Routledge, 2017).Google Scholar
Gallese, V., Intentional attunement: A neurophysiological perspective on social cognition and its disruption in autism. Cognitive Brain Research, 1079 (2006), 15–24.Google Scholar
Malik, R. and Krause, I.-B., Before and beyond words: Embodiment and intercultural therapeutic relationships in family therapy. In Flaskas, C., Mason, B. and Perlesz, A., eds., The Space Between: Experience, Context and Process in the Therapeutic Relationship (London: Karnac Books, 2005), pp. 95–110.Google Scholar