One of the agro-environmental characteristics of Brittany is the extensive use of pesticides, which leads to high concentrations of atrazine in continental water systems. Periphytic algae play a basic part in aquatic ecosystems and some of them, diatoms, are highly sensitive to environmental changes. Analyses of diatoms can thus indicate the impact of a herbicide on aquatic systems. We compared the effects of two herbicides (atrazine and nicosulfuron) on an aquatic ecosystem in 1998. This study was conducted in 15 identical ponds, each containing a holder for installing artificial substrates. The periphytic diatoms were analysed for cell density, biomass, species diversity and morphology. The general specific diversity was poor, and the diatom community was essentially dominated by Achnanthidium minutissimum. The first results showed a strong similarity between the different categories of mesocosms. Chlorophyll a concentration only seems to be affected by high herbicide concentrations.

A preliminary study of the rotifer fauna of Ile Amsterdam (T.A.A.F.), southern Indian Ocean, yielded seven taxa. Brachionus amsterdamensis sp. nov. is described. Information on the morphology of the trophi of Brachionus dimidiatus is presented.

Based on field observations performed in 1999 and 2000, the exotic amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus is now well established throughout the navigable sector of the River Moselle in France. D. villosus co-occurs with Gammarus pulex, G. tigrinus and D. haemobaphes, another recent exotic species found in this tributary of the River Rhine. The maximal size of individuals of D. villosus collected (15.7 mm) is lower in the River Moselle than in other basins, where this species could reach up to 30 mm (Neseman et al. 1995). Nevertheless it represents the largest gammarids found in the French sector of the River Moselle. Other particular traits are its wide phenotypic plasticity, varying from a melanic to a striped form, and its predatory behavior. These particular traits may favour the establishment of this species on a recipient ecosystem. The occurrence of D. villosus was noted in the Alsace Canal and in the River Rhône, showing that its immigration across French hydrosystems is still in progress.

Twenty-two species of aquatic Diptera have been collected from 16 sites on the Iberian peninsula. Three Dixidae : Dixa nebulosa Meigen, D. puberula Loew, D. submaculata Edwards; three Thaumaleidae: Thaumalea miki Edwards, T. pyrenaica Edwards, T. verralli Edwards ; and sixteen aquatic Empididae (Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae): Hemerodromia adulatoria Collin, H. baetica Collin, H. gaditana nov. spec., Wiedemannia mirousei Vaillant, W. fallaciosa (Loew), W. hygrobia (Loew), W. digitata Vaillant, W. tiburica nov. spec, Clinocera barbatula Mik, C. madicola Vaillant, C. tenella Wahlberg, C. nigra (Meigen), C. fontinalis (Haliday), C. stagnalis (Haliday), C. wesmaeli Macquart and Dolichocephala ocellata Costa. Two species are new to science and several others are recorded for the first time in Spain or Andorra, although their occurrence was expected because many records were based on collections from the French Pyrenees.

The chironomid populations of a 6th order section (400 m) of the middle Garonne river were studied monthly from September 1996 to October 1997. For the first time the main channel of the river was investigated including two floodplain waters : a side arm and an oxbow. Two sampling techniques were used for drift and benthic collections. A total of 21 766 specimens (pupae and pupal exuviae) were sorted and 137 species were identified. Among these, 12 species are new for the fauna of France : their ecology and biogeography are given. The chironomid population of the backwaters is especially diverse and distinctive since the waterbody is disconnected from the main channel. The studied section appears to be transitional corresponding with the epipotamal-metapotamal zones. The embankment of the watercourse since 1958, which has isolated floodplain waters and increased the current velocity in the main channel, mainly explains the dual typologic status observed. The main channel is colonised by rheophilous Orthocladiinae whereas the backwaters shelter a mixed population of limnophilous Chironominae and potamobiont Orthocladiinae. This study demonstrates the urgency for preserving floodplain waters because of their species richness, their uniqueness and their faunal interaction with the main channel. The strong faunal contribution of floodplain waters highlights the topicality and the value in investigating the less disturbed potamal zones of large rivers to increase our knowledge on biodiversity, ecology and biogeography of chironomid populations.

Les effets de trois métaux lourds (Cu, Hg, Cd) sur le développement d'Anopheles hispaniola, vecteur potentiel du paludisme, de Culex pipiens et Culex hortensis ont été étudiés dans l'oued N'fis près de la station Agadir Tachraft, dans les bassins expérimentaux de traitement des eaux usées de Marrakech (Maroc) et dans un bassin d'élevage des grenouilles. Les effets varient selon l'espèce, en fonction du développement et selon la nature et la dose du métal. A. hispaniola au stade L4 se montre le plus sensible aux trois métaux Cu, Hg, Cd. La CL50 (24h) est respectivement de 3,78, 1,52 et 4,81 mg.L-1, plus faible que celle de C. hortensis (5,02 , 3,1 et 9,91 mg.L-1) et de C. pipiens (5,91, 4,43 et 17,48 mg.L-1). Par contre, la sensibilité au Cd ne diffère pas significativement chez A. hispaniola et C. hortensis au stade L2 selon le test de Newman - Keuls. Cette étude montre qu'A. hispaniola qui a un cycle de vie relativement court et qui est facile à élever au laboratoire, présente une sensibilité 2 fois plus élevée pour le Hg, 3,4 fois plus élevée pour le Cd et 8,6 fois plus importante pour le Cu que Aedes aegypti. Cette dernière est proposée comme espèce-test pour les mêmes propriétés pour étudier les effets biologiques des métaux lourds sur les insectes aquatiques.

Le complexe d'espèces jumelles mariae se développe dans les creux de rocher (rock pools) contenant de l'eau de mer. L'espèceAedes mariae Sergent & Sergent, 1903 se rencontre sur le pourtour du bassin tyrrhénien et notamment sur la côte rocheuse del'ouest algérien. Le suivi durant une année de la dynamique de la population a permis de démontrer que le cycle biologique estsensiblement différent de celui observé en Méditerranée septentrionale. La présence de femelles actives aux mois de janvier etfévrier et d'un stock réduit d'oeufs dans les gîtes, montrent que la population d'Ae. mariae des côtes occidentales algériennesadopte une double stratégie de développement. Les éclosions les plus importantes sont enregistrées lorsque la conductivité estcomprise entre 52.000 et 75.000 µS.m-1 résultant d'un apport d'eau de mer et de la concentration en sels sous l'effet de l'évaporation.Les conductivités supérieures à 100.000 µS.m-1, entravent l'éclosion des oeufs en favorisant la dessiccation biologique.