Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T04:13:07.127Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Accumulation of polyunsaturates is decreased by weight-cycling: whole-body analysis in young, growing rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Zhen-Yu Chen ,
Chantale R. Menard  and
Stephen C. Cunnane
Zhen-Yu Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario MSS IA8, Canada
Chantale R. Menard
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario MSS IA8, Canada
Stephen C. Cunnane
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario MSS IA8, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Whole-body fatty acid analysis in rats has previously shown that 50–70% of dietary linoleate and α-linolenate is β-oxidized to CO2 and that this value increases with refeeding after a single episode of fasting. Our hypothesis was that repeated fasting-refeeding or weight-cycling would increase the β-oxidation of linoleate and α-linolenate thereby depleting their whole-body levels. In rats consuming 3% energy as linoleate and 0·15 % energy as α-linolenate during a 16 d balance period, 19% of the linoleate consumed accumulated in weight-cycled rats compared with 34% in the free-fed controls (P < 0.01). Similarly, 11% of the α-linolenate consumed accumulated in the weight-cycled rats compared with 22% in the controls (P < 0.01). Arachidonate and docosahexaenoate also accumulated to lower extents in the weight-cycled rats than in the controls. In contrast, whole-body accumulation of palmitate, stearate and oleate was not different between the weight-cycled group and the controls when measured as a proportion of intake or relative to weight gain. Thus, whole-body depletion of linoleate and α-linolenate did not occurper se but the partitioning of linoleate and α-linolenate was significantly altered by weight-cycling resulting in lower whole-body accumulation and higher apparent oxidation of all polyunsaturates especially linoleate and α-linolenate.

Keywords

FastingRefeedingβ-OxidationLinoleateα-Linolenate
Type
Fatty acid changes during weignt-cycling
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 75 , Issue 4 , April 1996 , pp. 583 - 591
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

REFERENCES

Allman, D. W., Hubbard, D. D. & Gibson, D. M. (1965). Fatty acid synthesis during a fat-free refeeding of starved rats. Journal of Lipid Research 6, 63–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beynen, A. C. & Katan, M. B. (1985). Why do polyunsaturates lower serum cholesterol? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 560–563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bjorntorp, P. (1968). Rates of oxidation of different fatty acids by isolated liver mitochondria. Journal of Biological Chemistry 243, 2130–2133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Z.-Y. & Cunnane, S. C. (1992). Preferential retention of linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol species in liver and serum during fasting. American Journal of Physiology 263, R233–R239.Google ScholarPubMed
Chen, Z.-Y. & Cunnane, S. C. (1993). Refeeding after fasting increases apparent oxidation of n−3 and n−6 fatty acids in pregnant rats. Metabolism 42, 1206–1211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, Z.-Y., Menard, C. & Cunnane, S. C. (1995). Moderate, selective depletion of linoleate and α-linolenate in weight-cycled rats. American Journal of Physiology 268, R498–R505.Google ScholarPubMed
Cunnane, S.C., Yang, J. & Chen, Z.-Y. (1993). Low zinc intake increases apparent oxidation of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the pregnant rat. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, 205–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Early, R. J. & Spielman, S.P. (1995). Muscle respiration in rats is influenced by the type and level of dietary fat. Journal of Nutrition 125, 1546–1553.Google ScholarPubMed
Gavino, G.R. & Gavino, V. C. (1991). Rat liver outer mitochondria1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity towards long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their CoA esters. Lipids 26, 266–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, P.J.H. & Schoeller, D.A. (1987). Po1yunsaturated:saturated ratio of diet fat influences energy substrate utilization in the human. Metabolism 37, 145–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohout, M., Kohoutova, B. & Heimberg, M. (1971). The regulation of hepatic triglyceride metabolism by free fatty acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246, 5067–5074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leyton, J., Drury, P. J. & Crawford, M. A. (1987). Differential oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 383–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynn, W.S. & Brown, R.H. (1959). Oxidation and activation of unsaturated fatty acids. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 81, 353–362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mercer, S. W. & Trayhurn, P. (1987). Effect of high fat diets on energy balance and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Journal of Nutrition 117, 2147–2152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothwell, N. J. & Stock, M. J. (1982). Energy expenditure of ‘cafeteria’-fed rats determined from measurements of energy balance and indirect calorimetry. Journal of Physiology (London) 328, 371–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, W. & Jones, P. J. H. (1993). Dietary fatty acid composition influences energy accretion in rats. Journal of Nutrition 123, 2109–2114.Google ScholarPubMed
Takeuchi, H., Matsuo, T., Tokuyama, K., Shimomura, Y. & Suzuki, M. (1995). Diet-induced thermogenesis is lower in rats fed a lard diet than in those fed a high oleic acid safflower oil diet, a safflower oil diet or a linseed oil diet. Journal of Nutrition 125, 920–925.Google ScholarPubMed
Yang, J., Chen, Z.-Y. & Cunnane, S. C. (1994). Application of the balance method to determining accumulation, metabolism, and apparent oxidation of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in the pregnant rat. Metabolism 43, 940–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed