Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T04:12:19.918Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Postprandial glycaemic, lipaemic and haemostatic responses to ingestion of rapidly and slowly digested starches in healthy young women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Louisa J. Ells ,
Chris J. Seal ,
Bernd Kettlitz ,
Wendy Bal  and
John C. Mathers
Louisa J. Ells*
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Chris J. Seal
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Bernd Kettlitz
Affiliation:
Cerestar, Vilvoorde R&D Centre, Havenstraat 84, B-1800 Vilvoorde, Belgium
Wendy Bal
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
John C. Mathers
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Centre, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr L. J. Ells, fax +44 (0)1642 384105, email L.Ells@tees.ac.uk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the postprandial metabolism of two starches with contrasting rates of hydrolysis in vitro. Characterized using the Englyst method of in vitro starch classification, C*Set 06 598 contained predominantly rapidly digestible starch and C*Gel 04 201 contained predominantly slowly digestible starch. Each test starch, naturally enriched with 13C, was fed to ten healthy female volunteers as part of a moderate fat test meal (containing 75 g test starch and 21 g fat), in a double-blind randomized crossover design. The metabolic response to each starch was measured after an overnight fast, in an acute 6 h study, before and after 14 d of daily consumption of 75 g test starch. During each acute study, blood samples were taken at 15 min intervals for the first 2 h and at 30 min intervals for the remaining 4 h. Breath 13CO2 enrichment was measured at the same time points and indirect calorimetry was performed for 20 min every 40 min immediately before and throughout the study. Significantly more rapid, greater changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA and serum insulin concentrations were observed after consumption of the rapidly digestible starch. Breath 13CO2 output over the first 3–4 h rose rapidly then began to decline following consumption of the rapidly digestible starch, but plateaued for the slowly digestible starch. The 14 d adaptation period did not affect any of the glycaemic or lipaemic variables but there was a reduction in postprandial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations. These data confirm that starches characterized as predominantly rapidly digestible versus slowly digestible by the Englyst procedure provoke distinctly different patterns of metabolism postprandially.

Keywords

Starch digestionGlycaemiaInsulinaemiaHaemostasis
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 94 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 948 - 955
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Abate, N (2000) Obesity and cardiovascular disease. Pathogenetic role of the metabolic syndrome and therapeutic implications. J Diabet Comp 14, 154–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Achour, L, Flouie, B & Briet, F (1997) Metabolic effects of digestible and partially indigestible cornstarch: a study in the absorptive and postabsorptive periods in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 66, 1151–1159.Google Scholar
Argiles, JM, Lopez-Soriano, FJ (2001) Insulin and cancer (review). Int J Oncol 18, 683–687.Google Scholar
Bastard, JP, Pieroni, L & Hainque, B (2000) Relationship between plasma Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 16, 192–201.Google Scholar
Bingham, SA & Cummings, JH (1983) The use of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a marker to validate the completeness of 24h urine collection in man. Clin Sci 64, 629–635.Google Scholar
Bingham, SA & Cummings, JH (1985) Urine nitrogen as an independent validatory measure of dietary intake: a study of nitrogen balance in individuals consuming their normal diet. Am J Clin Nutr 42, 1276–1289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bornet, FRJ, Fontvielle, A-M, Rizkalla, S, et al. (1989) Insulin and glycaemic responses in healthy humans to native starches processed in different ways; correlation with in vitro α-amylase hydrolysis. Am J Clin Nutr 50, 315–323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, MF & Schade, DS (2003) Timing of antioxidant vitamin ingestion alters postprandial proatherogenic serum markers. Circulation 108, 24–31.Google Scholar
Champ, M, Martin, L, Noah, L & Gratus, M (1999) Analytical methods for resistant starch. In Complex Carbohydrates in Foods, pp. 169–187 [Chol, SS, Prosky, L and Dreher, M, editors]. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Collier, GR, Greenberg, GR, Wolever, TMS & Jenkins, DJA (1988) The acute effect of fat on insulin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 66, 323–326.Google Scholar
Collier, G, McLean, A & O'Dea, K (1984) Effect of co-ingestion of fat on the metabolic responses to slowly and rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. Diabetologia 26, 50–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corring, T (1980) The adaptation of digestive enzymes to the diet: its physiological significance. Reprod Nutr Dev 20, 4B, 1217–1235.Google Scholar
Daly, ME, Vale, C, Littlefield, A, Alberti, KGMM & Mathers, JC (2000) Acute fuel selection in response to high-sucrose and high-starch meals in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 1516–1524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, ME, Vale, C, Walker, M, Littlefield, A, Alberti, KGMM & Mathers, JC (1998) Acute effects on insulin sensitivity and diurnal metabolic profiles of a high-sucrose compared with a high-starch diet. Am J Clin Nutr 67, 1186–1196.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 55. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN, Kingman, SM & Cummings, JH (1992) Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. Eur J Clin Nutr 46, Suppl. 2S33–S50.Google Scholar
Englyst, HN, Kingman, SM, Geoffrey, JH & Cummings, JH (1996) Measurement of resistant starch in vitro and in vivo. Br J Nutr 75, 749–755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englyst, HN, Veenstra, J & Hudson, GJ (1996) Measurement of rapidly available glucose (RAG) in plant foods: a potential in vitro predictor of the glycaemic response. Br J Nutr 73, 327–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, KN, Englyst, HN, Hudson, GJ, Cole, TJ & Cummings, JH (1999) Rapidly available glucose in foods: an in vitro measurement that reflects the glycaemic response. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 448–454.Google Scholar
Englyst, KN, Hudson, GJ & Englyst, HN (2000) Starch analysis in food. In Encyclopaedia of Analytical Chemistry, pp. 4246–4262 [Meyers, RA, editor]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Facchini, FS, Hua, NW, Reaven, GM & Stoohs, RA (2000) Hyperinsulinemia: the missing link among oxidative stress and age-related diseases? Free Radic Biol Med 29, 1302–1306.Google Scholar
FAO/WHO (1998) Carbohydrates in Human Nutrition. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Report, Rome, 14–18 April 1997, paper 66. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Ferraris, RP (2001) Dietary and developmental regulation of intestinal sugar transport. Biochem J 360, part 2 265–276.Google Scholar
Flint, A, Koller, BK & Raben, A (2004) The use of glycaemic index tables to predict glycaemic index of composite breakfast meals. Br J Nutr 91, 979–989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flores, CA, Brannon, PM, Bustamante, SA, et al. (1988) Effect of diet on intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activities in the pig. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 7, 914–921.Google Scholar
Foster-Powell, K & Brand-Miller, J (1995) International tables of glycaemic index. Am J Clin Nutr 62, 871S–893S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frayn, KN (1998) Non-esterified fatty acid metabolism and postprandial lipaemia. Atherosclerosis 141, Suppl. 1S41–S46.Google Scholar
Holm, J & Bjorck, I (1992) Bioavailability of starch in various wheat-based bread products: evaluation of metabolic responses in healthy subjects and rate and extent of in vitro starch digestion. Am J Clin Nutr 55, 420–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itoh, K, Imai, K & Masuda, T (1999) Relationship between serum total cholesterol level and nutritional status in Japanese young female. Nutr Res 19, 1145–1152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivey, FM, Womack, CJ, Kulaputana, O, Dobrovovolny, CL, Wiley, LA & Macko, RF (2003) A single bout of walking exercise enhances endogenous fibrinolysis in stroke patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35, 193–198.Google Scholar
Jarvi, AE, Karlstrom, BE, Granfeldt, YE, Bjorck, IE, Asp, N-G & Vessby, BOH (1999) Improved glycaemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycaemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 22, 10–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, DJA, Kendall, CW & Augustin, LS (2002) Glycaemic index: overview of implication in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 76, 226S–273S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, DJA, Wolever, TMS & Taylor, RH (1981) Glycaemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 34, 362–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohler, HP (2002) Insulin resistance syndrome: interaction with coagulation and fibrinolysis. Swiss Med Wkly 132, 241–252.Google ScholarPubMed
Mathers, JC & Daly, ME (1998) Dietary carbohydrate and insulin sensitivity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1, 553–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathers, JC & Daly, ME (2001) Food polysaccharides, glucose absorption and insulin sensitivity. In Advanced Dietary Fibre Technology, pp. 186–196 [McCleary, DBV and Prosky, L, editors]. Oxford: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Nelson, M, Atkinson, M & Meyer, J (1997) A Photographic Atlas of Food Portion Sizes. London: MAFF Publications.Google Scholar
Normand, S, Khalfallah, Y & Louche-Pelissier, C (2001) Influence of dietary fat on postprandial glucose metabolism (exogenous and endogenous) using intrinsically 13 C-enriched durum wheat. Br J Nutr 86, 3–11.Google Scholar
Normand, S, Rachiaudi, C, Khalfallah, Y, Guilluy, R, Mornex, R, Riou, JP, et al. (1992) 13C appearance in plasma glucose and breath CO2 during feeding with naturally 13C-enriched starch food in normal humans. Am J Clin Nutr 55, 430–435.Google Scholar
Rankinen, T, Vaisanen, S, Penttila, I & Rauramaa, R (1995) Acute dynamic exercise increases fibrinolytic activity. Thromb Haemost 73, 281–286.Google Scholar
Rauramaa, R, Vaisanen, S, Penttila, I & Rankinen, T (1994) Inverse relationship between dietary starch intake and plasma fibrinogen in middle-aged men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 4, 192–196.Google Scholar
Raynaud, E, Perez-Martin, A, Brun, JF, Aissa-Benhaddad, A, Fedou, C & Mercier, J (2000) Relationships between fibrinogen and insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis 150, 365–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reaven, GM (1995) Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol Rev 75, 473–486.Google Scholar
Sanders, TAB, de Grassi, T, Acharya, J, Miller, GJ & Humphries, SE (2004) Postprandial variations in fibrinolytic activity in middle-aged men are modulated by Plasminogen activator inhibitor I 4G-675/5G genotype but not by the fat content of a meal. Am J Clin Nutr 79, 577–581.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ, Daly, ME, Thomas, LC, Bal, W, Birkett, AM, Jeffcoat, R & Mathers, JC (2003) Postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects and those with type 2 diabetes fed starches with slow and rapid hydrolysis rates determined in vitro. Br J Nutr 90, 853–864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taiz, L & Zeiger, E (1991) Plant Physiology, pp. 234–224. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Vonk, RJ, Hagedoorn, RE, De Graaff, R, et al. (2000) Digestion of so-called resistant starch sources in the human small intestine. Am J Clin Nutr 72, 432–438.Google Scholar
Wallace, TM & Matthews, DR (2002) The assessment of insulin resistance in man. Diabet Med 19, 527–534.Google Scholar
Wolever, TMS (2000) Dietary carbohydrates and insulin action in humans. Br J Nutr 83, S97–S102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshikawa, T, Yoshikazu, N, Doi, C, Makino, T & Nomura, K (2001) Insulin resistance in patients with cancer: relationships with tumor site, tumor stage, body-weight loss, acute-phase response, and energy expenditure. Nutrition 17, 590–593.Google Scholar