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Do children with congenital heart defects meet the vaccination recommendations? Immunisation in children with congenital heart defects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2021

Julia Remmele Open the ORCID record for Julia Remmele [Opens in a new window] ,
Dominik S. Westphal ,
Carolin Unterleitner ,
Romy Becker ,
Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz ,
Alfred Hager ,
Peter Ewert  and
Annette Wacker-Gussmann
Julia Remmele*
Affiliation:
Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Dominik S. Westphal
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Carolin Unterleitner
Affiliation:
Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Romy Becker
Affiliation:
Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
Affiliation:
Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Alfred Hager
Affiliation:
Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Peter Ewert
Affiliation:
Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Annette Wacker-Gussmann
Affiliation:
Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
*
Author for correspondence: J. Remmele, German Heart Center Munich, Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany. Tel: +49 89 12 18 15 70; Fax: +49 89 1218 3013. E-mail: remmele@dhm.mhn.de
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Abstract

Introduction:

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common congenital malformations. Patients with CHD have a higher morbidity and mortality rate and are at greater risk for infectious diseases. The risk might even be higher if complex CHD occurs and if CHD is associated with additional co-morbidities. Therefore, immunisations in these children are essential.

Materials and Methods:

Individuals were recruited at the outpatient centre of the Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology at the German Heart Center Munich in the time between February 2016 and February 2017. Included were children between 23 months and 17 years and a diagnosis of CHD. The vaccination certificate aimed to assess the immunization status.

Results:

In total, 657 children with CHD were included and analysed. Regarding primary immunisation, only 34 % (n = 221) of the children reached the complete vaccination status within the allowed catch-up time. Among these primary immunisation rates, vaccinations against Hepatitis B, Meningococci, Varicella and Pneumococci were found to have the lowest coverage with all being below 80%. The vaccination rate was partly influenced by the previously performed number of surgeries but not by the diagnosis of specific genetic diseases. At the age of school entry, the immunisation rate in children with CHD was also lower than in the comparable healthy population.

Conclusion:

The vaccination coverage rate in children with CHD is lower than in comparable healthy children, although this is a vulnerable patient group. Further education of parents and treating physicians of children with CHD regarding vaccination is still needed.

Keywords

VaccinationCHDchildren with congenital heart defectsimmunization
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 32 , Issue 7 , July 2022 , pp. 1143 - 1148
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

These authors are equally contributed to the first authorship.

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