Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:31:12.130Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Determination of the oxidation state of manganese in lepidolite by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

S. Evans  and
E. Raftery
S. Evans
Affiliation:
Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 1NE, UK
E. Raftery
Affiliation:
Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 1NE, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It is usually assumed that the oxidation state of the small proportion of Mn sometimes present in micas is +2, although there is evidence from electronic spectroscopy (Burns, 1970) for at least the occasional occurrence of Mn(III) in manganophyllite. We describe here X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements on the Mn in a Norwegian lepidolite which was the subject of a concurrent structural study by X-ray photoelectron diffraction (Evans & Raftery, 1982). To establish the Mn oxidation state we have compared the Mn2p core-electron binding energies (BE), the Mn2P3/2-O ls BE differences, and the Mn2p XPS peak profiles from the four common oxides of manganese (MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnO2) with those from the lepidolite. A re-examination of these oxides was undertaken because the agreement between reports in the literature was unsatisfactory, and uncertainty existed concerning the integrity of some of the surfaces previously examined.

Type
Notes
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 1982 , pp. 477 - 481
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bird, R.J. & Swift, P. (1980) Energy calibration in electron spectroscopy and the redetermination of some reference electron binding energies. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 21, 227–240.Google Scholar
Burns, R.G. (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Pp. 58–59. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, S., Pritchard, R.G. & Thomas, J.M. (1977) Escape depths of X-ray (MgKα)-induced photoelectrons and relative photoionisation cross-sections for the 3p subshell of the elements of the first long period. J. Phys. C. (Sol. St. Phys.) 10, 2483–2498.Google Scholar
Evans, S., Pritchard, R.G. & Thomas, J.M. (1978) Relative differential subshell photoionisation cross-sections (MgKα) from lithium to uranium. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 14, 341–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, S. & Raftery, E. (1980) X-ray photoelectron studies of titanium in biotite and phlogopite. Clay Miner. 15, 209–218.Google Scholar
Evans, S. & Elliott, D.A. (1982) Interfacing AEI/Kratos electron spectrometers to a microcomputer for data acquisition and processing. Surface Interface Analysis (in press).Google Scholar
Evans, S. & Raftery, E. (1982) X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies of lepidolite. Clay Miner. 17, 443–452.Google Scholar
Fadley, C.S. (1978) Basic concepts of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Pp. 1–156 in : Electron Spectroscopy: Theory, Techniques and Applications, Vol. 2 (Brundle, C.R. & Baker, A.D., editors). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Hu, H.K. & Rabalais, J.W. (1981) Chemisorption and the initial stage of oxidation on Mn. Surface Science 107, 376–390.Google Scholar
Kim, K.S., Baitinoer, W.E., Amy, J.W. & Winograd, N. (1974) ESCA studies of metal-oxygen surfaces using argon and oxygen ion-bombardment. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 5, 351–367.Google Scholar
Moore, T.E., Ellis, M. & Selwood, P.W. (1950) Solid oxides and hydroxides of manganese. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72, 856–866.Google Scholar
Oku, M., Hirokawa, K. & Ikeda, S. (1975) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of manganese-oxygen systems. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 7, 465–473.Google Scholar
Parry, D.E. (1975) Determination of atomic partial charges using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: application to crystalline solids. J.C.S. Faraday II 71, 337–345.Google Scholar
Rao, C.N.R., Sarma, D.D., Vasudevan, S. & Hedge, M.S. (1979) Study of transition-metal oxides by photoelectron spectroscopy. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A367, 239–252.Google Scholar
Wagner, Cd., Zatko, D.A. & Raymond, R.H. (1980) Use of the oxygen KLL Auger lines in identification of surface chemical states by ESCA. Anal. Chem. 52, 1445–1451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wertheim, G.K., Hufner, S. & Guggenheim, H.J. (1973) Systematics of core-electron exchange splitting in 3d-group transition-metal compounds. Phys. Rev. B 7, 556–558.Google Scholar