Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T21:08:58.618Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Release of Cotesia flavipes Cameron for biological control of cereal stemborers in two ecological zones in Mozambique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

D. Cugala ,
W. A. Overholt ,
L. Santos  and
D. Giga
D. Cugala
Affiliation:
Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, P. O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique
W. A. Overholt
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
L. Santos
Affiliation:
Eduardo Mondlane University, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, P. O. Box 257, Maputo, Mozambique
D. Giga
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box M. P. 45, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
Get access

Abstract

Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and other stemborers in the Indo-Australian region, was released in Mozambique for the first time in 1996. Before its release, countrywide surveys on stemborers and their natural enemies were conducted in several places. However, all led to the same conclusion: that Ch. partellus was the most abundant stemborer at the majority of locations, and that the rate of larval parasitism was very low (< 5 %). To evaluate the effect of stemborer species composition on the establishment of Co. flavipes, two releases were made at two agroecologically different sites during the 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 growing seasons. Cotesia flavipes was recovered from all the three stemborer species found at each site during the season of release and a year later. However, the rates of parasitism were very low, ranging from 0.6 to 1.9 % on Ch. partellus, 3.2 % on Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and 2.6 % on Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The native natural enemy, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was the most common larval parasitoid at the two sites. The recoveries of Co. flavipes during the release period and a year later indicate that this exotic parasitoid has become established at the two locations in the southern and central regipns of Mozambique, in spite of differences in stemborer species composition. However, it is too early to evaluate the impact of Co. flavipes on the stemborer populations.

Résumé

Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), un endoparasitoïde larvaire grégaire de Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) et d'autres foreurs des tiges de la région Indo-Australienne, a été relâché au Mozambique pour la première fois en 1996. Avant d'être relâché, des enquêtes sur les foreurs des tiges et leurs ennemis naturels ont été menées à travers tout le pays dans différents endroits. Elles aboutissent toutes à la conclusion que Ch. partellus est le foreur des tiges le plus abondant dans la majorité des localités, et que le taux de parasitisme larvaire est très bas (< 5 %). Afin d'évaluer les effets de la composition en espèces de foreurs des tiges sur l'acclimatationt de Co. flavipes, deux lâchers ont été réalisés dans deux zones agroécologiques différentes pendant les saisons culturales 1998/1999 et 1999/2000. Cotesia flavipes a été retrouvé dans toutes les espèces de foreur des tiges rencontrées dans chacune des zones étudiées durant la saison du lâcher et l'année suivante. Cependant, les taux de parasitisme ont été très bas, compris entre 0,6 et 1,9 % sur Ch. partellus, 3.2 % sur Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) et 2.6 % sur Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). L'ennemi naturel indigène, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a été le parasitoïde larvaire le plus commun dans les deux zones. La récupération de Co. flavipes pendant la période de lâcher et une année plus tard indique que ce parasitoïde exotique s'est établi dans les deux localités dans les régions du sud et du centre du Mozambique, en dépit d'une différence de composition en espèces des foreurs des tiges. Il est cependant trop tôt pour évaluer l'impact de Co. flavipes sur les populations de foreurs des tiges.

Keywords

biological controlstemborersparasitoidsCotesia spp.establishmentMozambiquelutte biologiqueforeurs des tigesparasitoïdesCotesia spp.acclimatationMozambique
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 303 - 310
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ariyanayagan, R. P. (1983) Guia para investigação e produção de mapira em Moçambique. INIA. Documento de campo No.1, 2a edição, 19–20.Google Scholar
Berger, A. (1981) Biological control of the spotted stalkborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in maize by using the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. Annual report 1979/1980. INIA, Project UNDP/FAO MOZ/75/ 009. 19 pp.Google Scholar
Brenière, J. and Bordat, D. (1982) Intérêt et difficultés de la lutte biologique par introduction d'entomophages—cas des foreurs du riz en Afrique. Agronomie Tropicale 37, 203–206.Google Scholar
[CIBC] Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (1968–1972) Annual reports, Farnham Royal, UK.Google Scholar
Davies, G., Cumbi, S. and Tocoro, C. (1995) Brocas de milho. Uma contribuição para o seu estudo no planalto de Lichinga, Niassa. INIA, Série Investigaçào: 21. 40 pp.Google Scholar
Ebenebe, A. A., van den Berg, J. and van der Linde, T. C. K. (1999) Distribution and relative abundance of stalk borers of maize and grain sorghum in Lesotho. Afr. Plant Prot. 5, 77–82.Google Scholar
FAO (1984) Agroclimatological data for Africa. Countries South of the Equator. FAO Plant Production and Protection Series 2(22), Mozambique.Google Scholar
Gonçalves, M. L. (1970) A broca do milho, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) em Moçambique. Contribuição para o seu estudo. Agronomia Moçambicana 4, 239–246.Google Scholar
Hailemichael, Y., Schulthess, F., Smith, J. W. Jr and Overholt, W. A. (1997) Suitability of West African gramineous stemborers for the development of Cotesia species. Insect Sci Applic. 17, 89–95.Google Scholar
Jimenez, H. and Mugabe, I. (1990) Sorghum improvement trials in Mozambique 1988/89, pp. 171–177. In Proceedings of the Sixth Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets for Southern Africa. 18–22 September 1989, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. SADCC/ICRISAT.Google Scholar
Kfir, R. (1992) Seasonal abundance of thè stem borer Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its parasites on summer grain crops, J. Econ. Entomol. 85, 518–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kfir, R., Overholt, W. A., Khan, Z. R. and Polaszek, A. (2002) Biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in Africa. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47, 701–731.Google Scholar
Leeuwen, J. V. and Zucula, P. F. (1987) Introdução à investigação de sistemas de agrarios. INIA. Série Agronomia No. 4. Maputo. 18 pp.Google Scholar
Mohyuddin, A. I. (1971) Comparative biology and ecology of Apanteles flavipes and A. sesamiae Cam. as parasites of graminaceous borers. Bull. Entomol. Res. 61, 33–39.Google Scholar
Ngi-Song, A., Overholt, W. A. and Ayertey, J. N. (1995) Suitability of African graminaceous stemborers for development of Cotesia flavipes and Co. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Entomol. 24, 978–984.Google Scholar
Ngi-Song, A., Kimani-Ngogu, S. and Overholt, W. A. (2001) Multiple parasitism by Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 11, 381–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van den Oever, R. (1990) Fitossanidade. Levantamento da situação fitossanitária no sector familiar no regadio de Chokwe 1982/1990. INIA, Série Investigação No. 10, 19–25.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A. (1998) Biological control, pp. 349–362. In African Cereal Stem Borers: Economic Importance, Taxonomy, Natural Enemies and Control (Edited by Polaszek, A.). CAB Bioscience, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ngi-Song, A. J., Omwega, C. O., Kimani-Njogu, S. W., Mbapila, J., Sallam, M. N. and Ofomata, V. (1997) A review of the introduction and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for biological control of cereal stemborers. Insect Sci. Applic. 17, 19–35.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ochieng, J. O., Lammers, P. M. and Ogedah, K. (1994a) Rearing and field release methods for Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of tropical gramineous stemborers. Insect Sci. Applic. 15, 253–259.Google Scholar
Overholt, W. A., Ogenda, A. K. and Lammers, P. M. (1994b) Distribution and sampling of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in maize and sorghum on the Kenya coast. Bull. Entomol. Res. 84, 367–378.Google Scholar
Polaszek, A. and Walker, A. K. (1991) The Cotesia flavipes species complex: Parasitoids of cereal stemborers in the tropics. Redia 74, 335–341.Google Scholar
Rajabalee, M. A. and Govendasamy, M. (1988) Host specificity of Apanteles flavipes (Cam.) and Apanteles sesamiae (Cam.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasites of sugarcane moth borers in Mauritius. Rev. Agric. Suc. 67, 78–80.Google Scholar
Sallam, M. N., Overholt, W. A. and Kairu, E. (2000) Comparative evaluation of Cotesia flavipes and Co. sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the management of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya. Bull. Entomol. Res. 89, 185–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute (1996) User's Guide: Statistics, software release 6.12. (ed.) SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Scheibelreiter, G. K. (1980) Sugar-cane stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae and Pyralidae) in Ghana. Zeit. Angewandte Entomol. 89, 87–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segeren, P., Oever, H. A. van den and Slobbe, W. (1995) Seasonal abundance, damage, cultural control methods and varietal resistance of the four main pest and disease problems in irrigated maize in Southern Mozambique. Insect Sci. Applic. 16, 263–277.Google Scholar
Segeren, P., Rafael, E. and Sitoi, V. (1991) Milho. Principais doenças e pragas. Relatório de Ensaios realizados no regadío do Chokwe, 1986/1990. IMA, Maputo. Serie Investigação No. 10, 15–18.Google Scholar
Sithole, S. Z. (1989) Sorghum stemborers in Southern Africa, pp. 41–17. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sorghum Stem borers, 17–20 November 1987 (Edited by Kearl, S. and Sadhana, V.). ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.Google Scholar
Skoroszewski, R.W. and Van Hamburg, H. (1987) The release of Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) against stalk borers of maize and grain sorghum in South Africa. J. Entomol. Soc. Sth Afr. 50, 249–255.Google Scholar
Van Rensburg, G. D. J. and Bate, R. (1986) Preliminary studies on the relative abundance and distribution of stalk borers Busseola fusca and Chilo partellns, pp. 49–52. In Proceedings of the Seventh South African Maize Breeding Symposium, 18–19 March 1986, Potchefstroom, Summer Grain Centre. Tech. Commun. No. 212.Google Scholar