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Distribution and species composition of cereal stemborers in the eastern zone of Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

E. Nsami ,
B. Pallangyo ,
V. Mgoo  and
C. O. Omwega
E. Nsami
Affiliation:
National Biological Control Progamme, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
B. Pallangyo
Affiliation:
National Biological Control Progamme, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
V. Mgoo
Affiliation:
National Biological Control Progamme, P. O. Box 30031, Kibaha, Tanzania
C. O. Omwega
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P. O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
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Abstract

A survey was conducted in the four regions of Tanga, Morogoro, Coast and Dar es Salaam in eastern Tanzania to determine the distribution and species composition of cereal stemborers and their natural enemies. A total of 22 fields were sampled in Tanga, 28 in Morogoro, 17 in Coast and one in Dar es Salaam. Chilo partellus was found to be the predominant species, accounting for 80 % of all stemborers collected. Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis and Chilo orichalcociliellus made up 15,4 and less than 1 % of the stemborers collected respectively. Infestation levels varied with the age of the plants, whereby younger plants were more severely infested (infestation ranging from 20–40 %) than mature plants (infestation ranging from 5–15 %). Two larval parasitoids, Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes, were the main natural enemies collected. However, the levels of parasitism of the stemborers were very low. The exotic natural enemy Co. flavipes may have spread from the Kenya coast (where it is established) into eastern Tanzania.

Résumé

Une enquête a été menée dans les quatre régions de Tanga, Morogoro, Coast et Dar es Salaam dans l'est de la Tanzanie afin de déterminer la distribution et la composition en espèces des foreurs de tige de céréales et de leurs ennemis naturels. Au total, 22 champs ont été échantillonnés dans Tanga, 28 dans Morogoro, 17 dans Coast et un dans Dar es Salaam. Chilo partellus est l'espèce dominante, il représente 80% de tous les foreurs des tiges récoltés. Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis et Chilo orichalcociliellus représentent respectivement 15, 4 et moins de 1 % des foreurs de tige récoltés. Les niveaux d'infestation varient avec l'âge des plantes; ainsi les plantes les plus jeunes sont plus sévèrement infestées (l'infestation est comprise entre 20–40%) que les plantes mûres (l'infestation est comprise entre 5 et 15%). Deux parasitoïdes larvaires, Cotesia sesamiae et Cotesia flavipes, sont les principaux ennemis naturels récoltés. Cependant, les niveaux de parasitisme des foreurs des tiges sont très bas. L'ennemi naturel exotique Co. flavipes a dû s'étendre de la côte kenyanne (où il est établi) vers la côte tanzanienne.

Keywords

cereal stemborersspecies compositioninfestation levelparasitismparasitoidsfoieurscomposition en espècesniveaux d'infestationparasitismeparasitoïdes
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 347 - 351
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2001

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