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Aztec Teotihuacan: Political Processes at a Postclassic and Early Colonial City-State in the Basin of Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christopher P. Garraty
Christopher P. Garraty*
Affiliation:
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402 (Garraty@asu.edu)
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Abstract

Teotihuacan, located in the northeastern Basin of Mexico, is best known for its Preclassic and Classic period occupations (ca. 150 B.C.–A.D. 700) but was also an important city-state during the Aztec and Early Colonial periods, circa A.D. 1200–1650. Much has been written about political relations among Aztec city-states in the basin. However, the internal political structures of most city-states remain largely unknown because colonial chroniclers focused mostly on Tenochtitlan-Mexico City and collected little information on the 40 to 50 smaller city-states in the basin. This article addresses the internal political organization of Aztec Teotihuacan and how it changed over time based on analyses of pottery data from the surface collections of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project. A seriation of sherd assemblages using correspondence analysis provides a chronological framework for diachronic analyses. Changes through time pertaining to interresidential status differences and the spatial distributions of elite residences suggest a gradual process of political decentralization. Additionally, pottery and obsidian data, in conjunction with settlement pattern changes, reveal a relocation of the city-state center in the late 1300s or early 1400s, possibly indicating an episode of political upheaval or reorganization.

Teotihuacan, en el noroeste de la cuenca de México, es bien conocida para los períodos preclásico y clásico (ca. 150 a.C.–700 d.C.), pero también fue una importante ciudad-estado durante el período Azteca y hasta principios del colonial (ca. 1200–1650 d.C.). Mucho se ha escrito sobre las relaciones entre las ciudades-estados aztecas; sin embargo, la estructura política interna de Teotihuacan es mayormente desconocida porque los cronistas coloniales se focalizaron en Tenochtitlan, y recopilaron poca información de las 40 a 50 más pequeñas ciudades-estados de la cuenca. Aquí se examina la estructura política interna de la Teotihuacan azteca y sus cambios en el tiempo, sobre la base de los análisis de cerámicas de las colecciones de superficie del Teotihuacan Mapping Project. Una seriación de los conjuntos cerámicos empleando análisis de correspondencia brinda un marco cronológico para su análisis diacrónico. Los cambios a través del tiempo en relación con las diferencias de status interresidenciales y la distribución espacial de las residencias de la elite sugieren un proceso gradual de descentralización política. Además, los datos de cerámica y obsidiana, conjuntamente con los cambios en los patrones de asentamiento, revelan una reubicación del centro de la ciudad-estado hacia fines del 1300 o comienzos del 1400 d.C., indicando un posible episodio de agitación o reorganización política.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 363 - 387
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2006

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