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Design and Function of Lowe and Sawmill Points from the Preceramic Period of Belize

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

W. James Stemp ,
Jaime J. Awe ,
Keith M. Prufer  and
Christophe G.B. Helmke
W. James Stemp
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminology, Keene State College, Keene, NH, 03435-3400, USA(jstemp@keene.edu)
Jaime J. Awe
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5200, USA(jaime.awe@nau.edu)
Keith M. Prufer
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA(kmp@unm.edu)
Christophe G.B. Helmke
Affiliation:
Institute of Cross-cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen, Karen Blixens Vej 4, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark(cgbh@hum.ku.dk)
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Abstract

To date, 81 stemmed and barbed preceramic (Archaic) points (8000–900 B.C.) have been identified in Belize. Fifty-four are Lowe points; 21 are Sawmill points. Four more are provisionally classified as Allspice and two as Ya’axche’ points. These stemmed bifaces are frequently beveled on alternate-opposite edges and demonstrate variable degrees of resharpening and reworking, which affects blade shape and tool size. Numerous functions have been attributed to these artifacts; specifically, they have been called spear points, dart points, harpoons, and knives. Metric data from these bifaces, limited macrowear and microwear analyses, and design features, such as barbs and alternate-opposite edge beveling, have been used to interpret likely tool functions. Results suggest that Lowe points were affixed to throwing/thrusting spears and also served as knives, whereas the Sawmill points were used as spear-thrower dart points and as knives. New dating information suggests that alternate-opposite edge beveling and consequently beveled bifaces may be much older than 2500–1900 B.C., which is the date currently assigned to these specimens.

Resumen

Resumen

Hasta la fecha, 81 puntas pre-cerámicas (Arcaico) (8000–900 a.C.) pedunculadas y con aletas han sido descubiertas a lo largo de Belice. Cincuentaicuatro han sido identificadas como puntas de tipo Lowe, 21 como puntas Sawmill y seis han sido clasificadas de manera provisional, de las cuales cuatro son Allspice y dos Ya’axche’. Estos bifaces pedunculados están frecuentemente biselados sobre los bordes alternos-opuestos y muestran grados variables de retoques y reavivamiento, lo cual afecta tanto la forma de la lámina como el tamaño del instrumento. Se han atribuido numerosas funciones a estos artefactos, específicamente como puntas de lanza, puntas de dardo, arpones y cuchillos. Los datos métricos de estos bifaces, el análisis limitado de las macro y microhuellas de uso y las características del diseño tales como las aletas y el biselado alterno-opuesto, se han utilizado para interpretar las posibles funciones de estas herramientas. Los resultados sugieren que las puntas de Lowe fueron enmangadas en lanzas arrojadizas y también sirvieron como cuchillos, mientras que las puntas Sawmill fueron utilizadas como puntas de dardo en propulsores, así como también como cuchillos. La nueva información acerca de la cronología sugiere que el biselado del borde alterno-opuesto y consecuentemente los bifaces biselados podrían ser mucho más antiguos que 2500– 1900 a.C., fecha actualmente asignada a estos especímenes.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 279 - 299
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2016

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