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Disease, Demography, and Diet in Early Colonial New Spain: Investigation of a Sixteenth-Century Mixtec Cemetery at Teposcolula Yucundaa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christina Warinner ,
Nelly Robles García ,
Ronald Spores  and
Noreen Tuross
Christina Warinner
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 (warinner@post.harvard.edu)1
Nelly Robles García
Affiliation:
National Institute of Anthropology and History, Monte Albán Archaeological Zone, Oaxaca, Mexico 68140 (nellym_robles@yahoo.com.mx)
Ronald Spores
Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus, Vanderbilt University, Depoe Bay, OR 97341 (ronoaxaca@hotmail.com)
Noreen Tuross
Affiliation:
Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 (tuross@fas.harvard.edu)
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Abstract

A mid-sixteenth-century cemetery was investigated at the colonial Mixtec site of Teposcolula Yucundaa and is shown to be related to the cocoliztli pandemic of 1544–1550. This is the earliest colonial epidemic cemetery to be identified in Mexico. Through archaeogenetic and oxygen stable isotope analysis it is demonstrated that the interred individuals were local Mixtecs, and mortuary analysis sheds light on both Christian and traditional religious practices at the site. Mitochondrial haplogroup frequencies support long-term genetic continuity in the region, and carbon stable isotopes of bone collagen and enamel carbonates suggest no decrease in maize consumption during the early colonial period, despite historical evidence for a changing agricultural economy and increased wheat production at the site. The Teposcolula cemetery provides a rich and complex perspective on early colonial life in the Mixteca Alta and reaffirms the importance of archaeological and bioarchaeological evidence in investigating complex social and biological processes of the past.

Se investigó un cementerio mixteco de mediados del siglo diciseis en el sitio arqueológico de PuebloViejo de Teposcolula Yucundaa, el cual está aparentemente relacionado con la pandemia de cocoliztli de 1544–1550. Se demuestra mediante el análisis de ADNmt antiguo y de isótopos de oxígeno estable que los individuos enterrados son mixtecos locales. El análisis del tratamiento mortuorio de los entierros nos informa sobre las prácticas religiosas tanto cristianas como prehispánicas del lugar. El análisis de las frecuencias relativas de haplogrupos mitocondriales demuestra la continuidad genética que tuvo lugar en esta región. Los isótopos estables de carbono indican que no hubo un descenso en el consumo de maíz durante la primera parte de la época colonial, a pesar de que las evidencias históricas sugieren un cambio en la economía agrícola y un aumento de la producción de trigo. El cementerio de Teposcolula proporciona una rica y compleja perspectiva sobre la vida al comienzo de la época colonial en la Mixteca Alta y reafirma la importancia de la evidencia arqueológica y bioarqueológica en la investigación de procesos sociales y biológicos ocurridos en el pasado.

Type
Themed Section: Diet, Disease, and Social Change
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 467 - 489
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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