Pregnancy is the most important stage of a women's life cycle where nutrition is essential for an optimum pregnancy outcome(Reference Keen, Clegg and Hanna1). Dietary pattern analysis is becoming a popular method of determining habitual dietary patterns during pregnancy. Cluster analysis is one technique that can be used to identify clusters or groups of subjects with similar dietary characteristics(Reference Quatromoni, Copenhafer and Demissie2). The aim of this study was to describe the main dietary patterns among a cohort of pregnant women living in Ireland using k-means cluster analysis.
Two hundred and fifteen pregnant women were recruited from the antenatal clinic at the National Maternity Hospital. All participants were over 18 years of age, with a healthy singleton pregnancy and with adequate English. A 3-d food diary was completed during each trimester of pregnancy where food and beverage intakes were recorded over three consecutive days including one weekend day. Dietary data were entered into NetWISP version 3.0 (Tinuviel software, Llanfechell, Anglesey, UK) and analysed using k-means cluster analysis in PASW statistics version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Thirty-three food groups were extracted from the food file in NetWISP and were standardised to z-scores prior to running the analyses so that they had equal weights when distances were computed.
Table 1 shows the dietary patterns identified during each trimester of pregnancy and the principle food groups within each pattern. When all trimesters were combined, two major dietary patterns were identified: ‘Healthy’ and ‘Western’.
Table 1. Major dietary patterns during each trimester of pregnancy assessed by 3-d food diaries (n 215)
↑Beverages, high-energy beverages; carb, carbohydrate.
In conclusion, k-means cluster analysis is a useful method in determining the main dietary patterns among pregnant women. These data can now be analysed to assess relationships between dietary patterns during pregnancy and future pregnancy outcome.
