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Nutritional factors and cardiovascular disease risk in Black African and Black Caribbean women: a cross-sectional study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2019

C. Evwierhoma ,
A.P. Moore ,
L.M. Goff ,
A. Aghili ,
S. Comegna ,
G. Begum  and
A.R.A. Adegboye
C. Evwierhoma
Affiliation:
London Metropolitan University, 166-120 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB
A.P. Moore
Affiliation:
King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH
L.M. Goff
Affiliation:
King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH
A. Aghili
Affiliation:
London Metropolitan University, 166-120 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB
S. Comegna
Affiliation:
University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW
G. Begum
Affiliation:
University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW
A.R.A. Adegboye
Affiliation:
University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Eltham, SE9 2UG.
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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 78 , Issue OCE1: Winter Meeting, 4–5 December 2018, Optimal diet and lifestyle strategies for the management of cardio-metabolic risk , 2019 , E34
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Copyright © The Authors 2019 

People of Black African (BA) and Caribbean (BC) heritage form the third largest ethnic group in England and Wales(1). Evidence shows they experience higher rates of overweight/obesity, stroke and type 2 diabetes compared to the general population but lower risk of heart disease, which may be explained by the favourable lipid profile they exhibit (Reference Lip, Barnett and Bradbury2, Reference Goff, Griffin and Lovegrove3). There are limited UK studies on their dietary habits and health. The aim of the current study was to assess nutritional intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in UK BA and BC women.

A convenience sample of self-ascribed BA and BC women, aged 19-64 years, were recruited (n = 44) from the ATTITUdinal DEterminants of diet and lifestyle (ATTITUDE) study. Cholesterol was measured using a portable CardioChek Blood Analyser, blood pressure using a digital blood pressure monitor and dietary intake via triple pass 24hr recall. Ethical approval was obtained from London Metropolitan University, King's College London and Westminster University. Percentage energy, total fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, and fibre and salt intake were calculated and under-reporting was assessed using the Goldberg equation(Reference Goldberg, Black and Jebb5). A sensitivity analysis conducted on nutrient intakes with under-reporters removed.

Nutritional intake and CVD risk factors are shown in Table 1. Sixty three percent of participants were overweight or obese. Analysis of the dietary data revealed higher intakes salt, free sugars, fat and saturated fat than recommendations and lower intake of carbohydrate(4). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of under-reporting (n = 22). Reported data remained unchanged except for fibre intake, which was lower in the under-reporters (14.9g compared to 21.0g) (P = 0.004). Blood lipid profiles and blood pressure data were within recommendations.

Table 1. CVD risk factors and nutritional intake data (n = 44)

In conclusion, the anthropometric and certain dietary measures would indicate increased risk for developing CVD in BA and BC women, however, blood lipid profile and blood pressure measures were within healthy ranges.

References

1.Office for National Statistics. (2012). Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales 2011.Google Scholar
2.Lip, G, Barnett, A, Bradbury, A et al. (2007) J Hum Hypertens, 21:183–211.10.1038/sj.jhh.1002126Google Scholar
3.Goff, LM, Griffin, BA, Lovegrove, JA et al. (2013) Diab Vasc Dis Res, 10 (4):315–323.10.1177/1479164112467545Google Scholar
4.British Nutrition Foundation (2017) Nutrition Requirements. www.nutrition.org,ukGoogle Scholar
5.Goldberg, GR, Black, AE, Jebb, SA et al. (1991) Eur J Clin Nutr, 45:569–581.Google Scholar
Figure 0

Table 1. CVD risk factors and nutritional intake data (n = 44)