Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T07:04:47.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Densitometric analysis of scans: important sources of artefact

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

R. R. Jacobson ,
S. W. Turner ,
R. E. Baldy  and
W. A. Lishman
R. R. Jacobson
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London, and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London
S. W. Turner
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London, and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London
R. E. Baldy
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London, and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London
W. A. Lishman*
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London, and King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London
*
1 Address for correspondence: Professor W. A. Lishman, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Computed tomography (CT) research in psychiatry often relies on the assessment of minor structural changes. Recently, it has come to encompass changes in regional brain X-ray absorption density. The artefacts prone to be encountered in density measurements are reviewed, and illustrated by a series of studies carried out using a CT 1010 scanner. They are shown to be more important than hitherto assumed in the interpretation of CT scan research.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 15 , Issue 4 , November 1985 , pp. 879 - 889
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldy, R., Brindley, G. S., Ewusi-Mensah, I., Jacobson, R. R., Reveley, M. A., Turner, S. & Lishman, W. A. (1985). CSF-space analysis on CT scans: a fully automated computer-assisted method. Neuroradiology (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
Barker, D. J. P. (1984). The epidemiology of Paget's Disease of bone. British Medical Bulletin 40, 396–400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, R. A., Keller, M. R., O'Connor, C. M. & Sheridan, W. T. (1980). Progress towards quantitative computed tomography. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (new series) 27, 1121–1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caetano, R., Edwards, G., Oppenheim, A. N. & Taylor, C. (1978). Building a standardised alcoholism interview schedule. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 3, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1980). Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one disease process? British Medical Journal 280, 66–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewan, M. J., Pandurangi, A. K., Lee, S. H., Ramachandram, T., Levy, B., Boucher, M., Bozawitz, A. & Major, L. F. (1983). Central brain morphology in chronic schizophrenic patients: a controlled CT study. Biological Psychiatry 18, 1133–1140.Google ScholarPubMed
Di Chiro, G., Brooks, R. A., Dubal, L. & Chew, E. (1978). The apical artifact: elevated attenuation values toward the apex of the skull. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 2, 65–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Earnest, F., McCullough, E. C. & Frank, D. A. (1981). Fact or artifact: an analysis of artifact in high-resolution computed tomographic scanning of the sella. Radiology 140, 109–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gebhardt, C. A. (1981). Computer analysis of CT scans of chronic alcoholics: the relation of third ventricle region to memory and frontal/parietal regions to perception. Ph.D.Thesis: Boston, Mass.Google Scholar
Glover, G. H. & Pelc, N. J. (1980). Nonlinear partial volume artifacts in X-ray computed tomography. Medical Physics 7, 238–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golden, C. J., Graber, B., Coffman, J., Berg, R. A., Newlin, D. B., Bloch, S. & Brogan, D. (1980). Brain density deficits in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 3, 179–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Golden, C. J., Graber, B., Coffman, J., Berg, R. A., Newlin, D. B. & Bloch, S. (1981 a). Structural brain deficits in schizophrenia as identified by CT scan density parameters. Archives of General Psychiatry 38, 1014–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golden, C. J., Graber, B., Blose, I., Berg, R., Coffman, J. & Bloch, S. (1981 b). Difference in brain densities between chronic alcoholic and normal control patients. Science 211, 508–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, B. M. (1981). Data acquisition systems. In Radiology of the Skull and Brain. Technical Aspects of Computed Tomography (ed. Newton, T.H. and Potts, D. G.), pp. 4133–4158. C. V. Mosby: LondonGoogle Scholar
Hemmingsson, A., Jung, B. & Ytterbergh, C. (1983). Ellipsoidal body phantom for evaluation of CT scanners. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 7, 503–508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hounsfield, G. N. (1973). Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography): 1. Description of the system. British Journal of Radiology 46, 1016–1022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, R. R., Ron, M. A., Acker, W. L., Acker, C. F., Baldy, R. E. & Lishman, W. A. (1985). CT scan densitometry: structural-functional correlations in alcoholic patients. Lancet (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
Koehler, P. R., Anderson, R. E. & Baxter, B. (1979). The effect of computed tomography viewer controls on anatomical measurements. Radiology 130, 189–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Largen, J. W. Jr, Calderon, M. & Smith, R. C. (1983). Asymmetries in the densities of white and gray matter in the brains of schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 1060–1062.Google ScholarPubMed
Lishman, W. A. (1981). Cerebral disorder in alcoholism: syndromes of impairment. Shorvon Memorial Lecture. Brain 104, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loh, T. T. (1983). Artifact simulating chronic extracerebral fluid collections on computing tomography of the head. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 7, 925–927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naeser, M. A., Gebhardt, C. & Levine, H. L. (1980). Decreased computerised tomography numbers in patients with presenile dementia. Detection in patients with otherwise normal scans. Archives of Neurology 37, 401–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naguib, M. & Levy, R. (1982). Prediction of outcome in senile dementia: a computed tomographic study. British Journal of Psychiatry 140, 263–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearlson, G. D., Garbacz, D. J. & Tomkins, R. H. (1983). Imaging of the brain: aiding the search for physical correlates of mental illness. Integrative Psychiatry 1, 134–138.Google Scholar
Penn, R. D., Trinko, B. & Baldwin, L. (1980). Brain maturation followed by computed tomography. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 4, 614–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, P. S. & Alfidi, R. J. (1981). The environmental density artifacts: a beam-hardening effect in computed tomography. Radiology 141, 223–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ron, M. A. (1983). The Alcoholic Brain: CT Scan and Psychological Findings. Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement 3. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Reveley, M. A. (1985). Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: the validity of computerised tomographic findings. British Journal of Psychiatry (in the press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seeram, E. & Payne, T. (1982). Computed Tomography Technology. W. B. Saunders: Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Sheridan, W. T., Keller, M. R., O'Connor, C. M., Brooks, R. A. & Hanson, K. M. (1980). Evaluation of edge-induced streaking artifacts in CT scanners. Medical Physics 7, 108–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stevenson, J. C. & Whitehead, M. I. (1982). Postmenopausal osteoporosis. British Medical Journal 285, 585–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Synek, V. & Reuben, J. R. (1976). The ventricular–brain ratio using planimetric measurement of EMI scans. British Journal of Radiology 49, 233–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thaler, H. T., Rottenberg, D. A., Pentlow, K. S. & Allen, J. C. (1979). A method of correcting for linear drift in computed tomographybrain scans. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 3, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. R., Triolo, P. J., Moore, R. J., Hinshaw, D. B. & Hasso, A. N. (1984). CT scanning phantom for normalisation of infant brain attenuation. American Journal of Neuroradiology 5, 167–170.Google ScholarPubMed
Valentine, A. R., Moseley, I. F. & Kendall, B. E. (1980). White matter abnormality in cerebral atrophy: clinicoradiological correlations. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 43, 139–142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, G. H., Talbert, A. J. & Brooks, R. A. (1982). The use of phantom views to reduce CT streaks due to insufficient angular sampling. Physics in Medicine and Biology 27, 1151–1162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, G., Bydder, G. M. & Kreel, L. (1980). The validity and use of computed tomography attenuation values. British Medical Bulletin 36, 279–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, C. K., Orphanoudakis, S. C. & Strohbehn, J. W. (1982). A simulation study of motion artefacts in computed tomography. Physics in Medicine and Biology 27, 51–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zatz, L. M., Jernigan, T. L. & Ahumada, A. J. Jr (1981). Changes on computed cranial tomography in white matter with aging. Personal communication.Google Scholar
Zatz, L. M., Jernigan, T. L. & Ahumada, A. J. Jr (1982). Changes on computed cranial tomography with aging: intracranial fluid volume. American Journal of Neuroradiology 3, 1–11.Google ScholarPubMed
Zerhouni, E. A., Boukadoum, M., Siddiky, M. A., Newbold, J. M., Stone, D. C., Shirey, M. P., Spivey, J. F., Hesselman, C. W., Leo, F. P., Stitik, F. P. & Siegelman, S. S. (1983). A standard phantom for quantitative CT analysis of pulmonary nodules. Radiology 149, 767–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed