This work studies the change microstructural and mechanical properties of biomedical component hot forging of titanium; was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively the microstructural features obtained in this titanium biocompatible Ti6Al4V. The forging process was obtained at temperature of 950 °C, after by technical optical microscopy are obtained the microstructural characterization showing the phases present after forging. Likewise, the technical X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the presence of the phases. Also is evaluated the hardness and modulus of elasticity by technical nanoindentation. The characterization of this material has the objective to show that the results obtained with temperature study of 950 °C. Likewise by the forging process obtained a type phases and optimal properties required for these biomedical materials.

The reactions of 2-cyano-3-ferrocenylacrylonitrile with malononitrile in a ROH/H2O medium in the presence of Na2CO3 afforded 6-alkoxy-2-amino-4-ferrocenylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles, 6-alkoxy-2-amino-4-ferrocenyl-3-ferrocenyl-methyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles and Na+ polymeric complexes: {[Na+(2-ferrocenyl(tetracyano)propenyl)−L]∞ and [Na+(2-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-ferrocenyl-6-pyridyl-dicyanomethyl)−L]∞ where L = ethanol, methanol. Complexes with L = acetonitrile (c), dimethylformamide (d), acetone (e), ethyl acetate (f) were prepared by recrystallization. The structures of the compounds 4b and Na+ polymeric complexes 5c and 6d, e were established by the spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction analysis. Two compounds 3a and 4a were tested in vitro against six human tumor cell lines U-251, PC-3, K-562, HCT-15, MCF-7 and SKLU-1 to assess their in vitro antitumor activity. The results suggest biological specificity towards PC-3, K-562 and HCT-15 cells for compound 3a, and towards PC-3 cell for compound 4a at doses 50 μM, which are lower than Cisplatin IC50′s in the three cell lines.

This work studies the change microstructural and mechanical properties of an ankle prosthetic material 316LVM stainless steel, retired from a 36 year old patient. The medical grade 316LVM stainless steel was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness Rockwell C (HRC) and nanoindentation tests. The results showed that the ankle prosthesis has different microstructural change along the implant and presence of corrosion pits with inclusions, the mechanical properties like modulus elasticity and hardness decrease.

Gas tungsten arc welding-tungsten inert gas (GTAW-TIG) is focused in literature as an alternative choice for joining high strength low alloy steels; this study is performed to compare the differences between gas metal arc welding-metal inert gas (GMAW-MIG) and GTAW welding processes. The aim of this study is to characterize microstructure of dissimilar transformation induced plasticity steels (TRIP) and martensitic welded joints by GMAW and GTAW welding processes. It was found that GMAW process lead to relatively high hardness in the HAZ of TRIP steel, indicating that the resultant microstructure was martensite. In the fusion zone (FZ), a mixture of phases consisting of bainite, ferrite and small areas of martensite were present. Similar phase’s mixtures were found in FZ of GTAW process. The presence of these mixtures of phases did not result in mechanical degradation when the GTAW samples were tested in lap shear tensile testing as the fracture occurred in the heat affected zone. In order to achieve light weight these result are benefits which is applied an autogenous process, where it was shown that without additional weight the out coming welding resulted in a high quality bead with homogeneous mechanical properties and a ductile morphology on the fracture surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to obtain information about the specimens that provided evidence of ductile morphology.

The wear phenomenon may occur for a variety of work conditions in the material. It causes losses in terms of time and costs in the components which are used for heavy machinery due to its re-pair or even replacement. It is important to select suitable materials that exhibit high-quality weldability and resistance to abrasive wear such as the high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel grade 950A. Therefore, it is necessary to study the wear behavior of this kind of steel after components are joined by multi-pass gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, specifically on the heat affected zone (HAZ). The aim of this research was to evaluate wear resistance by pin on disc test and hardness on heat affected zone of HSLA steel plates with thickness of 14 mm joined by using GMAW process varying different parameters as wire feed speed and voltage. The influence of microstructural features such as carbide precipitation on wear behavior and hardness was investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that microstructure is modified by the heat input of the welding process, affecting the material properties and causing more susceptibility to wear on the welded area.

In this paper the effect of hybrid laser arc welding on longitudinal joints for pipes of 1.27cm thick is investigated. For the investigation, an API X70 steel was welded with the HLAW process and then subjected to tensile, bending and micro hardness tests under standards for pipe manufacturing. Images of the weld seams were taken to observe the structure and size of the weld zones. Analysis was made by light microscopy to determine the phases present in the weld zones and to observe if there is a variation of grain size in the weld zones that adversely affects the mechanical properties of the API X70 steel. Results show that the mechanical properties of the joints meet the requirements for their use in pipe manufacturing; one reason is the low thickness of the weld zone that barely affects the original properties of API X70 steel. Also the presence of bainite in the microstructure of weld zones provides resistance to the joints.

This paper focuses on the impact of process parameters of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) on the mechanisms of fail and wear present in the contact tips (CT), component located in the welding gun, when high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel is welded with ER70S - 0.045” copper coated electrode in manual mode. By means of chemical analysis the alloy was identified as C12200. It was also identified that the maximum temperature reached by the CT is 850° C. 30 samples were obtained that had different lifetime, which were analyzed by stereoscope and its behavior against wear was determined by using an equation of relative wear. Microstructural changes as recrystallization and grain growth undergone by these CT were also evidenced by light microscopy. In addition the changes in their mechanical properties such as decrease in their hardness to about of half that initially had. Finally some significant samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); microanalysis was used to identify the exchange of matter leaving from the electrode in the CT and spatter into the hole of the component.

The role of the initial bacterial inoculates on the biocorrosion of API X52 pipeline steel coupons was evaluated by electrochemical noise technique. The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions using an aerobic bacteria identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Inoculations in the interval strain of 1x104 – 1x108 CFU/ml were evaluated. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analysis was carried out to evaluate the corrosive effects induced on the API X52 electrodes. The results show that all corroded surfaces show sites of localized corrosion, however, the density of de sites of localized corrosion have different grades depending of the initial inoculation used during the experiments. The maximum density sites of localized corrosion were obtained in the experiments with 1x105 CFU/ml. From inoculates of 1x106 CFU/ml the density sites of localized corrosion diminished constantly. The results show that with inoculates over 1x106 CFU/ml, the oxygen demand for the bacterial strain limits the presence of oxygen available into the metallic surface to maintain the corrosion reactions. The results were supported by the EDX analysis of the corrosion products formed on the metallic surfaces where the oxygen peaks diminished as the bacterial inoculation increases.

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) corrosion study of API X70 steel was carried out in synthetic seawater with different rotation speeds using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) to control the hydrodynamic conditions at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and 24 h of exposure time. A superficial analysis through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the corrosion type. The rotation speed used was 0 rpm (static condition), 1000, 3000 and 5000 rpm (turbulent flow). The results show that the turbulent flow conditions affect directly the corrosion rate (CR) of the steel, because all values of the CR under turbulent flow conditions are higher than the CR values at static conditions. In addition, it is important to point out that at turbulent flow conditions, the CR increased as the rotation speed also increased. The morphology of the corrosion in all experiments was localized corrosion.

Physicochemical effect on the corrosion process of AISI 1018 steel exposed to five type of soils from South of México at different moisture content using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization curves was studied. Two soils were collected in the state of Veracruz (clay of high plasticity and silt) and three soils from the state of Campeche (sand, clay and clay-silt). Moisture values were determined by addition of 0, 20, 40 and 60 ml of deionized water in a volume of 125 cm3 of each soil. The corrosion behavior of uncoated and coated steel with a viscoelastic polymer was analyzed. Effect of damage on the coating when the steel is exposed to corrosive soils was studied. EIS evaluations indicate that 1018 steel without coating is more susceptible to corrosion in the clay at the maximum moisture content (39.7 wt. %). However, for sand the more corrosive moisture belong to 12.8 wt. %, which is not the maximum moisture, which is agree with the lower polarization resistance (52.21 Ω.cm2). Potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested that uncoated steel exposed to clay-silt from state of Campeche exhibited the higher corrosion rate (0.698 mm/year) at 53.1 wt. % moisture. Meanwhile, in the coated steel with induced damage, the higher corrosion rate was obtained in the clay (0.0018 mm/year) at 34.2 wt. % moisture. 1018 steel coated with induced damage exposed to clay displayed the higher Ecorr values, which means that clay is more susceptible to overprotection as consequence of any change in the voltages originated by moisture content.

Susceptibility to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) of API X52 pipeline steel in calcareous soil containing different moisture content has been investigated using slow strain rate tests (SSRT). This type of soil is common of the state of Campeche Mexico and has a pH around 8. The results indicate that X52 pipeline steel was susceptible to external SCC only in the saturated calcareous soil, showing some micro cracks in the gage section of the SSR specimen. It was observed that some micro cracks were found at the bottom of micro-pits. Which indicate that first develop a pit and this evolved with time and micro-strain like a crack. Few micro cracks were observed as initiation of SCC close to surface failure. The mechanism of SCC may be influenced by formation and rupture film of carbonates.

In the present work was used Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to study the magnesium alloy Mg AZ31-B, in plate form with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The plates were processed using Equal Channel Angular Sheet Drawing (ECASD), which is a severe plastic deformation technique, which allows imposing strain without dimensional changes to a metal plate, at room temperature with an angle of 135°. The obtained results show dependence between the storage modulus (M’), temperature and frequency used on the tests. The greater M’ values were obtained at the lower temperatures and at the higher frequency used. However, at lower frequencies M’ response is not affected by the used frequencies. At the higher temperatures there is an M’ reduction, which promotes the material deformation.

Chemical and structural characterization of four representative samples of an ore deposit located in the eastern of Hidalgo State was carried out. According with the results, it could be appreciate some areas showing silicified zones with abundant amounts of disseminated pyrites that are part of a rock unit from early Jurassic consisting in inter - bedded black shales and sandstones. Thus, the contents of base metal were greater than 30 ppm Zn and 9 ppm Cu. Chemical analysis of rock gave the following results; 82 ppm of Ba, 1.64 % Wt. Fe, 0.08 % Wt. Ti, 40.8 % Wt. Si, 20 ppm of Ce, 2.2 ppm Co, 30 ppm Cr, 2.7 ppm Cs, 0.9 ppm Er, 2.5 ppm Ga, 1.6 ppm Gd , 1.5 ppm Ge, 9 ppm La, 71 ppm Li, 104 ppm Mn, 10 ppm Nd , 17 ppm Rb, 2 ppm Se, 9 ppm Sr, 10 ppm Ta, 6 ppm Te, 28 ppm V, 9 ppm Y, and 0.7 ppm Yb, among others. Finally, the values found for precious metals, were; Au < 0.02 ppm, Pd <0.05 ppm, Pt <0.05 ppm. It was inferred that the low content of base metals in outcrop studied, are due to the alteration of the black shales. According to these results, we can consider a stratiform – type mineralization of Pb-Zn which could be prospective for SEDEX – Type deposit. By means of XRD, it was possible to identify; pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor amounts of sphalerite and Co -Ni arsenide.

We carried out thermodynamic study of the TlInSe2-TlGaTe2 system based on the data of physicochemical analysis. Based on thermodynamic analysis and concentration dependence of physical properties, it was found that there is anion-cation substitution in TlInSe2-TlGaTe2 system. Continuous series of (TlInSe2)1-x (TlGaTe2)x solid solutions is forming throughout entire concentration range. We determined dielectric characteristics of samples, their frequency dispersion and nature of dielectric losses. The results demonstrate that the dielectric dispersion in the studied crystals TlInSe2 and (TlInSe2)0.5(TlGaTe2)0.5 has a relaxation nature. Hyperbolic decline of loss tangent with increasing frequency from 50 kHz to 35 MHz indicates the loss of pass-through conduction in (TlInSe2)1-x(TlGaTe2)x solid solutions.

In this work, the viscoelastic behavior of a polymeric step-index optical fiber is studied, and the loss factors η of their complex moduli are calculated. The loss factors of the Young and shear moduli were determined from the measurement of the damping ratio γ of a simple pendulum and a torsion pendulum respectively, using the Kelvin-Voigt model of the viscoelastic theory. The shear and Young complex moduli can be used to study the optic-viscoelastic behavior of a polymeric step-index optical fiber.

This paper shows the technological development for manufacturing corner angle sections or cardboard. Its manufacture involves splicing sheets (liners) of different weight Kraft papers joined with white glue. The thickness and strength of each profile is determined by the amount of spliced leaves and paperweight. There are two types of finishing in the profile, which are: natural finish Kraft wrapping paper and the white paper envelope. The second one is used to print images or logos on the exterior face for advertising purposes. They can withstand bending stresses for supporting buckling in horizontal and vertical position. These profiles are mainly used for packaging, protect corners, transportation and storage. A machine for manufacturing specialized linear process to obtain the required thickness is used. In this article, the basic load of an angular profile is analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS 14 ®. Mechanical design considerations based on the mechanics of composite materials and the theory of laminated beams are considered. With the results of this analysis, load capacities like bending, buckling and deformation profiles are obtained. Furthermore, a comparison of three thicknesses of angular profiles supporting the mentioned loads is also presented.

ZnO was grown by Chemical Bath Deposition technique activated by microwaves (CBD-AμW) on corning glass substrates. The ZnO structural and optical properties are studied as a function of the urea concentration in the growth solution. ZnO chemical stoichiometry was determined by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD analysis and Raman scattering reveal that ZnO deposited thin films showed hexagonal polycrystalline phase wurtzite type. The Raman spectra present four main peaks associated to the modes E2high, (E2high-E2low), E2low and an unidentified vibrational band observed at 444, 338, 104 and 78 cm-1. The E2low mode involves mainly Zn atoms motion in the unit cell and the E2high mode is associated to oxygen motion. The observed emission peaks in the room temperature photoluminescence spectra are associated at vacancies of zinc and oxygen in the lattice.

The study of corrosion behavior of polyurethane/nanohydroxyapatite hybrid coating in aerated Hank solution at 25 °C by Potentiodinamic and Electrochemical Impedance techniques was realized. The nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) powders were synthesized by ultrasonic assisted co-precipitation wet chemical method and then mixed with pure polyurethane (PU) during the polymerization. Results were supported by SEM morphologic characterization. Results showed that good corrosion resistance of hybrid coating, showing small corrosion product layer formation. Corrosion mechanisms are affected by an increasing of polarization resistance, promoting decreasing in the corrosion rates. Diffusion of ionic species was the governing mechanism in the corrosion behavior of polyurethane/nanohydroxyapatite hybrid coating.

Undoped and Li-doped ZnO films were fabricated by screen printing approach on sapphire substrate. The effect of Li doping and annealing temperature on the luminescent, optical, electrical and structural properties of the films has been investigated by the photoluminescence (PL), Raman scattering, conductivity, Atomic Force microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The XRD study revealed that the films have polycrystalline wurtzite structure with grain sizes ranging from 26 to 38 nm. In the undoped ZnO films, the increase of annealing temperature from 800 to 1000 °C resulted in the increase of the grain sizes, film conductivity and the intensity of the ultraviolet PL. The introduction of Li of low concentration of 0.003 wt % at 800 °C or 900 °C allows producing the low-resistive films with enhanced ultraviolet PL and reduced density of crystalline defects. Highly doped films (with 0.3 wt % of Li) were found to be semi-insulating with deteriorated PL properties irrespectively of the annealing temperature. It is shown that introduction of Li in the ZnO films affects their PL spectra mainly via the evolution of the film crystallinity and the density of intrinsic defects.

In this investigation, the chemical and microstructural characteristics of nanostructured AlFe intermetallic produced by high-energy ball milling have been explored. High purity elemental powders were used as the starting material. The ball milling was carried out at room temperature using a SPEX-8000 mixer/mill. The structure, morphology and compositions of the powders were obtained using X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (STEM). High resolution electron microscopy observations have been used in the nanostructured materials characterization. The structural configurations have been explored through comparisons between experimental HREM images and theoretically simulated images obtained with the multislice method of the dynamical theory of electron diffraction.