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The effect of shift work on the diet of accident and emergency nurses at the main general hospital in Malta

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2016

J. Seychell  and
S. Reeves
J. Seychell
Affiliation:
Clinical Nutrition Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
S. Reeves
Affiliation:
Health Science Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD
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Abstract

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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 75 , Issue OCE1: Winter Meeting, 8–9 December 2015, Roles of sleep and circadian rhythms in the origin and nutritional management of obesity and metabolic disease , 2016 , E36
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2016 

In Malta 22·2 % of workers are engaged in shift work( Reference Formosa 1 ). Shift work can result in altered physical activity, eating and sleeping patterns that may disrupt the natural circadian rhythm and in the long term be detrimental to health( Reference Smith and Eastman 2 ). This study aims to investigate the effect of shift work on dietary intake among nurses working in the Accident and Emergency Department of the main general hospital in Malta.

The study was cross-sectional and included a questionnaire to investigate shift work, life style, anthropometric measurements and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); the EPIC-Norfolk FFQ adapted to reflect the Maltese diet. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Roehampton, the University of Malta and the Mater Dei Hospital Authority. 123 nurses were recruited and 110 completed the study. The participants were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their usual work rota: day nurses (n = 29, 31 % male and 69 % female), rotating shift nurses (n = 68, 28 % male and 72 % female) and night shift nurses (n = 13, 23 % male and 77 % female).

* P ⩽ 0·05

Shift working nurses had significantly higher intakes of total energy (p = 0·04), protein (p = 0·04), fat (p = 0·05) and fibre (p = 0·007) compared to day nurses. However day nurses were more likely to smoke (p = 0·009). 40 % of nurses had fat intakes higher than the recommendations. There were no significant differences in exercise frequency nor anthropometric measurements between groups. Recruiting a larger number of night shift workers would strengthen the results. Overall the findings in Malta were similar to that of shift workers in other studies( Reference Morikawa 3 , Reference Pasqua and Moreno 4 ). Recommendations for shift working nurses should ensure healthy meals are available and adequate levels of sleep and exercise are maintained.

This work was supported by a scholarship scheme through the Operational Programme II – cohesion policy, co-financed by the European Social Fund and the Government of Malta.

References

1. Formosa, M (2009) Working time in the European Union: Malta. http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/comparative-information/national-contributions/malta/working-time-in-the-european-union-malta.Google Scholar
2. Smith, MR & Eastman, CI (2012) Nat Sci Sleep 4, 111–132.Google Scholar
3. Morikawa, Y et al. (2008) J Occup Health 50, 270–278.Google Scholar
4. Pasqua, IC & Moreno, CRC (2004) Chronobiol Int 21, 949–960.Google Scholar
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