International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Constitutional provision that legislation will not be enforced if incompatible with self-executing provisions in prior or subsequent international agreements — Application of this provision to Inter-Allied Declaration to Invalidate Methods of Dispossession Practised in Territories under Occupation or Control of the Enemy, 1943 — The Netherlands Constitution, Article 66 — The law of the Netherlands.

Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Foreign bank liable as guarantor of bonds governed by English law — Foreign legislation merging debtor bank with new bank — New bank liable on bonds as “universal successor” — Subsequent foreign amending legislation retrospectively excepting obligation on English bonds from universal succession — Whether such legislation confiscatory or discriminatory — Whether comity requires recognition of such legislation — The law of England.

Recognition of acts of foreign States — Non-recognition of revenue legislation — Foreign statute requiring local courts to aid foreign bankruptcy court — Request for aid under statute for collection of foreign revenue debt — Statute enacted prior to independence of State of forum — Whether local court still bound to act under statute — The law of Ireland.

Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Foreign exchange control legislation — Whether applicable to assignment of debt existing under law of foreign State — Relevance of Articles of Agreement of International Monetary Fund — The law of the Netherlands.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Position of State Bank when acting in a private capacity — Implied waiver — The law of the Netherlands.

Aliens — Position of — Respect for property — Control measures constituting expropriation — Relevance of political motive and discriminatory character — The law of the Netherlands.

Recognition of acts of foreign Governments — Control measures taken in Indonesia — Foreign “Act of State” — Whether entitled to recognition in the Netherlands — Whether “Act of State” doctrine a rule of international law — The law of the Netherlands.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Foreign confiscatory legislation — Effect on assets situate abroad — Situs of trade — marks and trade names — Effect of expropriation on trade — marks registered in State of forum and trade name in use in State of forum — The law of Norway.

Nationality — Acquisition of — Effect on nationality of inhabitants of compulsory naturalization measure passed by Occupation authorities — German Ordinance of 1939 — Effect on nationality of Czech inhabitants.

War — Effects of outbreak of — On enemy property and other rights — Post — war legislation providing for taking over of enemy and ex — enemy property — Whether nationalization measure passed in Czechoslovakia in 1945 was legislation of this nature.

Recognition of acts of foreign States — Legislative acts — Effect of confiscatory legislation — Partnership business expropriated in Czechoslovakia — Position of trade-marks registered in State of forum — International registration of trade-marks by Czechoslovak National Enterprise substituted for expropriated firm — Use by National Enterprise of trade name of firm in State of forum — Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 1925, Article 10 — Whether French company subsequently formed by former partners entitled to sole right to use trade name in State of forum — Effect of delay in seeking remedy — The law of Norway.

Treaties — Operation of — Parties to treaties — Continuity of States — Effect of changes in extent of territory controlled by successor Government on continued adherence to multilateral convention Federal Republic of Germany as continuation of pre — war Germany for purposes of International Convention for Protection of Industrial Property, 1934.

States — Continuity of — Effect of changes in extent of territory subject to control of successor Government — Relevance of such changes to State's continued adherence to multilateral convention — Federal Republic of Germany as continuation of pre-war Germany for purposes of International Convention for Protection of Industrial Property, 1934 — The law of England.

State territory — In general — Sovereignty over the air — Violation of foreign air space — For purposes of espionage — The law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

State territory — Land boundaries — Delimitation of — Conformity with arbitral award — Interpretation of ambiguous directions in award — Effect of boundary marker erected prior to award to settle disputes among private landowners — Whether Government bound by such marker — Need to supplement award with additional evidence — Functions of commission of demarcation — Relevance of plea of ultra petita — Arbitral Award of 1906 concerning Honduras-Nicaragua boundary and Judgment of International Court of Justice of 1960 — Competence of Mixed Commission in regard to legal questions.

State territory — National waters — Jurisdiction of local administrative authorities — Whether national waters form part of adjoining county — Whether ship moored in harbour is situated in adjoining county — The law of Ireland.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Nature and extent of jurisdiction of British Crown in Bahrain — Validity of extension to Bahrain of Colonial Prisoners Removal Act, 1869 — Conclusiveness of statement of Executive as to possession of jurisdiction by Crown — The law of England.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Claim for compensation in respect of damage suffered outside territory of State — The law of Ireland.

Jurisdiction — Personal — Over nationals abroad — Civil matters — Whether nationality alone a ground for jurisdiction by the courts — The law of Ireland.

International law — Comity of nations — Meaning of — Whether based on political considerations or legal norms.

Jurisdiction — On the high seas — Law governing the flag — Exterritorial operation of legislation — Comity of nations — Applicability of Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1958, to national and foreign ships on high seas — The law of Australia.

State succession — Succession with regard to obligations for torts — Pillage of private neutral property by soldiers — Acts committed by Imperial Russian soldiers — Soviet Decree of 1919 repudiating liability — Effect of — Claim under United States International Claims Settlement Act, 1949.

State responsibility — In general — Attributability — Responsibility for improper conduct of military operations — Pillage of neutral property — Responsibility of State for acts of its armed forces — Acts of Imperial Russian soldiers in 1915 — Responsibility of Soviet Government.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Sale of land in contemplation of loss under discriminatory measures — Relevance of element of voluntariness — Moment when claim arises — Date of taking — Property taken under discriminatory legislation and later affected by land reform — Whether claim arises on date of land reform decree or on date of unsuccessful application for restoration of property taken under discriminatory legislation.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Restrictions and regulations imposed under nationalization decree — Whether amounting to a taking of bank deposits — Soviet Decree of 1917 nationalizing Russian-owned banks — Effect on foreign-owned branches in Russia.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Mortgagee's interest — Nationalization of debtor corporation — Seizure of mortgaged property — Whether ground for an international claim — Whether loss to mortgagee too remote — The rule of proximate cause — Burden of proof on mortgagee claimant — Relevance of absence of “due process” in nationalization programme — Relevance of nature of interest created by mortgage on land according to local law.

State responsibility — Kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Creditors' rights — Annulment of debts and prohibition of enforcement of creditors' rights — Whether a denial of justice — Soviet Civil Code, 1923, Section 2 — Soviet courts not cognizant of disputes arising out of pre-1917 relations.