Treaties — Operation of — Effect in municipal law — Interpretation of municipal legislation giving effect to Convention on Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, 1950 — Ambiguities in municipal legislation to be resolved by reference to Convention.

International law — Relation to municipal law — Customs and excise — Convention on Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes, 1950 — Municipal legislation giving effect to Convention without reference to it — Ambiguities in municipal legislation to be resolved by consulting Convention — Customs and Excise Act, 1952.

International law — Relation to municipal law — Principle of dominium eminens concerning taking of private property by Sovereign — Reflection in municipal legal systems — Concept of eminent domain — Right to compensation — The law of England.

States as international persons — In general — Sovereignty and independence — Conclusiveness of statements of Executive — Democratic People’s Republic of Korea — Non-recognition by United Kingdom — Whether nevertheless a “State” for purposes of statutory interpretation — The law of England.

The United Nations — Security Council — Effect of decision of — Recommendation that Members furnish forces for operations in Korea — Whether response by Member State a sovereign act of that State.

War — Meaning of “war” — Hostilities in Korea — Whether “war”within Patents Act provision for extension of patent in case of war losses — The law of England.

Recognition — Of States — Effects of non-recognition — Whether courts may take judicial notice of statehood of entity not recognized by Government of State of forum — Interpretation of statute containing term “State” — Non-recognition by United Kingdom of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea — The law of England.

State responsibility — Claims — In general — Before municipal courts — State immunity before foreign courts — Remedy before courts of State claimed against — The law of France.

State Succession — With regard to contractual and other obligations and concessions — Attorney’s fees and costs of legal proceedings — Proceedings commenced in Israel on behalf of Moslem foundation at request of French diplomatic representatives — Foundation for benefit of Moslem pilgrims from the Maghreb — Whether Algerian State succeeded to duty of representing its interests abroad — Whether Algerian State responsible for attorney’s fees and legal proceedings — Meaning of term “Maghreb” in 14th century — The law of France.

The individual in international law — Position of — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — Stateless alien and prohibited immigrant living destitute in Cyprus without right to work — Whether breach of Articles 2, 3, 5, 8 and 11 involved — The law of Cyprus.

The individual in international law — Aliens — Position of — Treatment by and responsibilities of receiving State — Prohibited immigrant — Cyprus — Whether entitled to claim aid of Cyprus Government against Sovereign Base Areas Authorities — Whether entitled to be expelled to Sovereign Base Areas — The law of Cyprus.

Aliens — Expulsion of — Prohibited immigrant — Whether entitled to expulsion — The law of Cyprus.

State territory — International leases and grants in perpetuity — Cyprus — Sovereign Base Areas — Dismissal of employee by Sovereign Base Areas authorities — Whether Cyprus Government has locus standi to intervene in matter — Whether Cyprus courts have jurisdiction — The law of Cyprus.

International law in general — Sources — General and customary international law — Equity — Application of equitable principles and adjudication ex aequo et bono distinguished.

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Signature — Accession and adhesion — Whether acceptance by conduct.

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Effect of treaties on third parties — Geneva Convention on Continental Shelf, 1958 (Article 6(2)) — Whether applicable to State which has not ratified it — Whether accepted by conduct — Whether representing general or customary international law.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of — Interpretation by reference to purpose of treaty — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 (Articles 5 (3), 5 (4) and 6 (1)).

Treaties — Interpretation of — Consideration of preparatory work — Geneva Convention on Continental Shelf, 1958 (Article 6 (2))Whether representing general or customary international law.

Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — The law applicable — Equity — Application of equitable principles distinguished from adjudication ex aequo et bono.

State territory — Parts of — Continental shelf — Boundaries — Adjacent States — Delimitation — Principles of — Geneva Convention on Continental Shelf, 1958 (Article 6 (2)) — Equidistance method of delimitation — Whether applicable to State which has not ratified Convention — Whether general or customary international law Delimitation by agreement in accordance with equitable principles — Factors to be taken into account.

Jurisdiction — Territorial limits of — Exchange control regulations of foreign State — Foreign visitor acting contrary to currency regulations of country in which resident — Whether English residents’ transaction to provide foreign visitor with sterling was “exchange contract” unenforceable in England — Bretton Woods Agreements Act, 1945 — Bretton Woods Agreements Order, 1946 — The law of England.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Statelessness Alien infant ordinarily resident in England — Application to make infant ward of court — Infant removed from jurisdiction by stateless father — Whether infant entitled to protection of the Crown — The law of England.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over foreigners — Foreigners ordinarily resident within jurisdiction — Allegiance as basis of jurisdiction — Possession of passport — Infant removed from jurisdiction by stateless father — Whether stateless infant entitled to protection of Crown — Jurisdiction of English courts in wardship — The law of England.

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Exemptions from and restrictions upon — Foreign States — Dispute between French State and Algerian public undertaking — Disputed ownership of shares in French company — Evian Agreements — Whether French court has jurisdiction to appoint agent to vote on behalf of owner — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — Personal — Over nationals in respect of crimes committed abroad — Conspiracy to commit crime abroad — No agreement to commit criminal act in England — Allegation that goods obtained abroad to be sold in England but nothing to show that sale of such goods was criminal offence in England — The law of England.

States as international persons — Recognition of acts of foreign States and Governments — Algeria — Taking of foreign property Decrees declaring foreign property to be bona vacantia — Whether amounting to nationalization — Whether amounting to force majeure — The law of France.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Algeria-Declarations that foreign property bona vacantia — Administration by the State — Whether amounting to nationalization-Whether amounting to force majeure — Whether taking over assets of an undertaking necessarily entails liability for debts incurred previously — Change of domicile by corporation — Whether corporation remains liable for debts incurred previously and before its property abroad was taken over by State under law of previous domicile — Whether sureties remain liable — The law of France.

State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For taking of, or interference with, property — Algeria — Declaration that foreign property bona vacantia — Administration by the State — Whether amounting to nationalization — Whether contrary to French ordre public — Whether taking over assets of an undertaking necessarily entails liability for debts incurred previously — Whether original debt of undertaking extinguished — Sureties — Whether they remain liable for debts of a nationalized undertaking — The law to be applied — The law of France.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of — Interpretation by reference to context preferred to strict grammatical interpretation — Bilingual texts — Need to reconcile differing texts — Law — making treaties — Interpretation by reference to aims and object preferred to restrictive interpretation.

The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — Article 5 (3) (right to trial within a reasonable time and to release pending trial) — Interpretation by reference to context preferred to strict grammatical interpretation — Provisional detention not to be unreasonably prolonged — Interpretation of bilingual text — Need to reconcile differing texts — Reasonableness of period of detention to be determined by special features of each case — Rejection of application of seven criteria employed by European Commission of Human Rights — Period of detention covered by Article 5 (3) extends to date of judgment by Court of first instance — Article 6 (1) (right to hearing within a reasonable time) — Relevant period runs from from date of charges and order for arrest until acquittal or conviction, including decision on appeal.

The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — Article 5 (3) (right to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial) — Determination of reasonableness of period of detention — Relevant factors — Whether guarantees in respect of release may be fixed by reference solely to amount of loss imputed to accused — Criteria for assessment of amount — Article 6 (1) (right to hearing within a reasonable time) — Whether relevant period runs from date of laying of charges until judgment, including decisions on appeal, on the merits — Whether lapse of seven years from laying of charges an unreasonable period in a complex case — Articles 5 (4) and 6 (1) (right to take proceedings and right to fair trial) — Principle of equality of the parties — Decisions on detention on remand — Whether accused and legal representatives have a right to be present — Distinction between “determination of a criminal charge” and “request for provisional release”.

International law — Relation to municipal law — International conventions and Constitution — Provisions in similar terms — European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Constitution of Cyprus — Right to sufficient details of criminal charge — Interpretation of similar provision in Constitution of Cyprus by reference to jurisprudence of European Commission — The law of Cyprus.

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of — Interpretation of similar provisions in international convention and Constitution — European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Constitution of Cyprus — Interpretation by reference to jurisprudence of European Commission — The law of Cyprus.

The individual in international law — Position of — Human Rights and Freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — Article 6 (3) (a) — Constitution of Cyprus — Right to sufficient details of criminal charge — Interpretation by reference to jurisprudence of European Commission of Human Rights — Test to be applied — The law of Cyprus.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Proof of — French nationality — Retention of French nationality by Jew of Algerian origin born and resident in Morocco — Whether Algerian nationality acquired under Algerian law after Algerian independence — The law of France.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Acquisition of — As affected by change of sovereignty — Corporations — Algerian independence — French corporation established in Algeria — Transfer of head office to France after independence — Whether valid — Whether Algerian nationality acquired or French nationality retained — Relevant criteria for determining nationality — Effect of Algerian decrees replacing board of directors and nationalizing the company — Claims to property situated in France — The law of France.

Jurisdiction — Territorial — Over foreigners — Nationality — Competence of foreign court to determine French nationality — Whether such determination will be recognized — The law of France.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Acquisition of — Competence of foreign court to determine French nationality — Whether such determination will be recognized — The law of France.

International law — Relation to municipal law — Nationality — Of married women — Whether marriage automatically confers husband’s nationality — Whether dependent on municipal legislation — The law of Cyprus.

Aliens — Expulsion of — Right of expulsion — Non-naturalized married woman after divorce — The law of Cyprus.

The individual in international law — Nationality — Of married women — Cyprus — Marriage to Cypriot citizen — Whether Cyprus citizenship thereby acquired — Whether marriage a means of naturalization only as provided for by municipal legislation — The law of Cyprus.