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  • 32 - Approaches to Multilevel Models of Fear: The What, Where, Why, How, and How Much?

  • from Section 11
  • Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler, Virginia Commonwealth University, Josef Parnas, University of Copenhagen, Peter Zachar, Auburn University, Montgomery
  • Book:
    Levels of Analysis in Psychopathology
    Published online:
    02 April 2020
    Print publication:
    02 April 2020, pp 384-409

  • Summary

    When we talk of “levels,” these can variously be levels of abstraction, analysis, aggregation, and behavior, as well as description and explanation, and more. Several of these differing approaches to levels are defined and exemplified, and then explored in connection with fear and anxiety disorders. Here I focus on the provocative suggestion of LeDoux and Pine that a second level or perspective (in their “two-system model”) is also needed – one involving phenomenological consciousness of fear in humans. I also argue for a “thin attention” theory of consciousness, but one embedded in a variant of Dehaene’s Global Neuronal Workspace (GNW) theory. In addition, I sketch an analysis of the “self,” relevant to the two-system model, which builds on the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) to be found in Section III of the DSM-5.