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7 results

  • Circularly polarized diversified MIMO antenna design for millimeter-wave on-body applications using characteristic mode theory

  • Sumon Modak, Anjaneyulu Lokam, Umar Farooq
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 December 2024, pp. 1-12
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  • This paper presents a systematic design approach for developing a semiflexible multiple-input–multiple-output antenna system operating in the millimeter wave frequency spectrum, specifically designed for body-worn applications in biotechnologies. The designed antenna features dual flower-shaped antenna radiators placed in a spatial diversity configuration. Strategic modifications have been implemented by integrating dual crescent-shaped slots in the ground layer to attain the targeted frequency band of 25.7–30.6 GHz. Later, the upper edge of the ground plane is truncated in order to achieve circularly polarized radiation characteristics at 29.4 GHz with 3 dB ARBW of 0.6 GHz (29.1–29.7 GHz). The realization of circular polarization in the antenna geometry is validated through the analysis of characteristic mode theory. A maximum gain of 5.6 dBi is attained along with a port isolation of >30 dB. The proposed antenna undergoes analysis to assess its performance in the bending conditions and specific absorption rate, besides validation of diversity metrics encompassing envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, channel capacity loss, total active reflection coefficient, and mean effective gain has also been conducted. Finally, the proposed antenna structure is fabricated, and its performance is validated and subsequently compared with that of its simulated counterpart.

  • Design of low-profile high-gain wideband circularly polarized low RCS single-layer metasurface antenna using characteristics mode analysis

  • Sourabh Rana, Priyanka Jain
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies / Volume 15 / Issue 9 / November 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 March 2023, pp. 1545-1556
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  • In this paper, a novel circularly polarized (CP) high-gain low-profile single-layer metasurface (MTS) antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is presented for wideband low radar cross-section (RCS) applications. Characteristics mode analysis (CMA) technique is employed to simultaneously excite the useful modes rather than using conventional technique to achieve circular polarization in the wideband. By analyzing the characteristics modes of the antenna, gain of the antenna is also improved. Experimental results verify good performance of the proposed antenna with a compact size of 0.67λ0 × 0.67λ0 × 0.040λ0. The measured results of the antenna exhibit UWB impedance bandwidth of 96.93% in the frequency range of 3.7–10.65 GHz and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of about 41.8% in the frequency range of 5.3–8.1 GHz. The antenna shows a good radiation pattern with a measured peak gain of 7.9 dBic at 7.97 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves out-of-band scattering suppression in the wide range of 10–24 GHz because of MTS structure with peak RCS reduction of 19 dB at 12 GHz. The proposed antenna can be used for c- and x-band applications.

  • Molecular diagnosis of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia

  • M. Bar Shai, A. Peleg, T. Zalozhin
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S287
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  • Introduction

    Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic disorder causing significant disability and functional decline. Schizophrenia is a polygenic disease, with about 100 monogenic sites and 11 sites of chromosomal deletions / duplications involved in its pathogenesis identified. It is a pleiotropic disease, with causative genetic changes leading to multiple symptoms, including bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD, mental retardation and epilepsy. The chromosomal microarray (CMA) technology detects submicroscopic chromosomal changes, which are involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, and are subject to prenatal diagnosis. Pathological findings in CMA are detected in 10-20% of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and can contribute significantly to medical follow-up, prognosis assessment, influence treatment choice, and allow prenatal diagnosis. Preliminary studies in schizophrenia identified pathological CMA findings in 10–30% of patients.

    Objectives

    CMA testing of schizophrenia patients to detect genetic changes causing the disease.

    Methods

    Recruitment of schizophrenia patients from the Haifa and Western Galilee districts of Clalit, genetic counseling in Carmel Hospital, CMA testing of the consenting patients.

    Results

    Schizophrenia patients with and without neurodevelopmental disorders underwent CMA analysis, with the findings of significant chromosomal submicroscopic disorders (such as 22q11 microdeletion, among others) in 30% of the patients, providing the explanation for the patients’ symptoms and enabling specific medical follow-up and adjusted pharmacological treatment.

    Conclusions

    CMA can be used in diagnosing schizophrenia, assessing prognosis, adjusting pharmacological treatment and follow-up and providing genetic counseling including prenatal diagnosis, as in cases neurodevelopmental disorders. The findings support the application of CMA as part of a routine procedures in schizophrenia.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • 4 - Private Ordering, Regulation and Contract Law

  • Catherine Mitchell, University of Birmingham
  • Book:
    Vanishing Contract Law
    Published online:
    25 August 2022
    Print publication:
    01 September 2022, pp 87-114

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the relationship betweenprivate ordering/self-regulation and national contract law rules. It assesses the impact that private ordering exerts upon national contract law, with particular reference to the legal response to the ISDA Master Agreement. The chapter also examines aspects of market-specific regulation in the United Kingdom. Many areas traditionally covered by common law rules, such as the control of unfair terms in contract, are now the preserve of regulators such as the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Competition and Markets Authority. In addition to the activities of regulators, enforcement of consumer contract law can be undertaken by a range of organisations and dispute resolution services provided by private entities or through various ADR schemes. There are often significant divergences between the regulatory approach to contract enforcement and the applicable contract law rules on the issue. To illustrate this, the FCA review of the mis-selling of interest rate hedging products to ‘unsophisticated’ customers is contrasted with case law on misrepresentation covering the corresponding scenario under the common law.

  • 5 - Market Investigations in the UK and Beyond

  • Edited by Massimo Motta, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Martin Peitz, Universität Mannheim, Germany, Heike Schweitzer, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  • Book:
    Market Investigations
    Published online:
    23 December 2021
    Print publication:
    06 January 2022, pp 216-290

  • Summary

    This chapter provides an account of the market investigation provisions on the UK Enterprise Act of 2002, which enables the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) to investigate markets and to determine whether any ‘features’ of a market prevent, restrict or distort competition. If the CMA discovers an ‘adverse effect on competition’, powers are available to achieve as ‘comprehensive solution as possible’ through the imposition of remedies, up to and including mandatory divestiture. This chapter describes these powers, explains the institutional regime within which decisions are made and the procedure that the CMA follows in market investigation cases. Some other jurisdictions possess similar powers to those contained in the Enterprise Act. In particular, the chapter describes the powers available to the competition authorities in Greece, Iceland, Mexico and South Africa.

  • Chromosomal microarray detects genetic risks of neurodevelopmental disorders in newborns with congenital heart disease

  • Part of
  • Kamalvir Gill, Jun Sasaki, Parul Jayakar, Lisa Sosa, Elizabeth Welch
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young / Volume 31 / Issue 8 / August 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 February 2021, pp. 1275-1282
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  • Objective:

    To compare the genetic testing results of neonates with CHD by chromosomal microarray to karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis.

    Methods:

    This was a single-centre retrospective comparative study of patients with CHD and available genetic testing results admitted to the cardiac ICU between January, 2004 and December, 2017. Patients from 2004 to 2010 were tested by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis, while patients from 2012 to 2017 were analysed by chromosomal microarray.

    Results:

    Eight-hundred and forty-nine neonates with CHD underwent genetic testing, 482 by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and 367 by chromosomal microarray. In the karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis group, 86/482 (17.8%) had genetic abnormalities detected, while in the chromosomal microarray group, 135/367 (36.8%) had genetic abnormalities detected (p < 0.00001). Of patients with abnormal chromosomal microarray results, 41/135 (30.4%) had genetic abnormality associated with neurodevelopmental disorders that were exclusively identified by chromosomal microarray. Conotruncal abnormalities were the most common diagnosis in both groups, with karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis detecting genetic abnormalities in 26/160 (16.3%) patients and chromosomal microarray detecting abnormalities in 41/135 (30.4%) patients (p = 0.004). In patients with d-transposition of the great arteries, 0/68 (0%) were found to have genetic abnormalities by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridisation compared to 7/54 (13.0%) by chromosomal microarray.

    Conclusions:

    Chromosomal microarray identified patients with CHD at genetic risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, allowing earlier intervention with multidisciplinary care and more accurate pre-surgical prognostic counselling.

  • 5 - Conflict Prevention and Management

  • from Part II - The Liberal Paradigm
  • Edited by Henry F. Carey, Georgia State University
  • Book:
    Peacebuilding Paradigms
    Published online:
    16 December 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 94-108

  • Summary

    Unimpeded by questionable “general” theories, the Conflict Management Approach (CMA) holds that conflict is normal, structural, and behavioral and has to be managed in its own terms.The idea that peace is divisibleinto negative and positive phases, though creativein Galtung’s time, is unrealistic. Peace to needs to be broken down further, into more helpful sequences, with more sophisticated distinctions.This chapterdescribes what is meant by the CMA, and compares it tothe other primary theoretical approaches analyzed in this volume. This chapter focuses on the importance of CMA as a hybrid approach, which is liberal in its view of feasibility, realist in its view of the problem, and cosmopolitan in its view of responses.This essay alsoaddresses some of the challenges CMA faces from the “New World of Disorder” and concludes with a brief discussion about the possibilities CMA has as the new “ideal type” for the future of peacebuilding.