Introduction. A study of accessions from the major production areas of
Dacryodes edulis (Don) Lam. (Burseraceae) in Cameroon was carried out
in order to assess the impact of pedoclimatic parameters and genetic factors on the
characteristics and the classification of the fruits. The work focused on statistical
analysis of fruit morphological and chemical parameters to distinguish accessions.
Materials and methods. The fruits were collected from five localities of
Cameroon (Obala, Boumyebel, Makenene, Njombe and Kekem). Twenty-six characters, among
which were eleven quantitative morphological, nine qualitative morphological and six
chemical characters, were the object of a correlation analysis, a principal component
analysis and hierarchical classification. Results. Among the twenty-six
characters studied, eighteen presented interesting morpho-chemical characters to
discriminate the accessions. The fruit quantitative morphological characters were not
significantly different, while the qualitative morphological and chemical characters
showed significant differences for the localities concerned. A principal component
analysis and hierarchical classification distinguished three major groups at a genetic
distance of between 5.70 and 6.92: group I consists of accessions from Makenene and Kekem,
discriminated by five characters (lipids, protein, grain colour, texture and colour of the
mesocarp); group II consists of accessions from Njombe and Obala and was discriminated by
six characters (weight of fruits, amino acids, sugars, phenols, epicarp colour and shape
of grains); group III consists of the accession from Boumyebel and was discriminated by
seven characters (fruit length and diameter; [fruit diameter / fruit length] ratio; weight
of fruit, mesocarp and grain; and mesocarp thickness). Discussion and
conclusion. Like agro-forestry species such as Ricinodendron heudelotii
and Irvingia gabonensis, D. edulis presents intra-specific
variations that are related to pedoclimatic conditions and genetic factors.