Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T21:03:18.258Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physico-chemical characterisation and classification of fruits of Dacryodes edulis from the major agro-ecological zones of Cameroon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2010

Emmanuel Youmbi ,
Martin Mbeuyo ,
Nehemie Donfagsiteli Tchinda  and
Akoa Amougou
Emmanuel Youmbi
Affiliation:
Lab. Biotechnol. Environ., Unit Physiol. Plant improv., Fac. Sci., Univ. Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Martin Mbeuyo
Affiliation:
Lab. Biotechnol. Environ., Unit Physiol. Plant improv., Fac. Sci., Univ. Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Nehemie Donfagsiteli Tchinda
Affiliation:
Lab. Bot. Tradit. Med., Inst. Med. Res. Stud. Med. Plants, PO Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Akoa Amougou
Affiliation:
Lab. Ecol., Fac. Sci., Univ. Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. A study of accessions from the major production areas of Dacryodes edulis (Don) Lam. (Burseraceae) in Cameroon was carried out in order to assess the impact of pedoclimatic parameters and genetic factors on the characteristics and the classification of the fruits. The work focused on statistical analysis of fruit morphological and chemical parameters to distinguish accessions. Materials and methods. The fruits were collected from five localities of Cameroon (Obala, Boumyebel, Makenene, Njombe and Kekem). Twenty-six characters, among which were eleven quantitative morphological, nine qualitative morphological and six chemical characters, were the object of a correlation analysis, a principal component analysis and hierarchical classification. Results. Among the twenty-six characters studied, eighteen presented interesting morpho-chemical characters to discriminate the accessions. The fruit quantitative morphological characters were not significantly different, while the qualitative morphological and chemical characters showed significant differences for the localities concerned. A principal component analysis and hierarchical classification distinguished three major groups at a genetic distance of between 5.70 and 6.92: group I consists of accessions from Makenene and Kekem, discriminated by five characters (lipids, protein, grain colour, texture and colour of the mesocarp); group II consists of accessions from Njombe and Obala and was discriminated by six characters (weight of fruits, amino acids, sugars, phenols, epicarp colour and shape of grains); group III consists of the accession from Boumyebel and was discriminated by seven characters (fruit length and diameter; [fruit diameter / fruit length] ratio; weight of fruit, mesocarp and grain; and mesocarp thickness). Discussion and conclusion. Like agro-forestry species such as Ricinodendron heudelotii and Irvingia gabonensis, D. edulis presents intra-specific variations that are related to pedoclimatic conditions and genetic factors.

Keywords

CameroonDacryodes edulisagroclimatic zonesfruitsquantitative analysisqualitative analysischemical compositionclassificationCamerounDacryodes eduliszone agroclimatiquefruitsanalyse quantitativeanalyse qualitativecomposition chimiqueclassificationCamerúnDacryodes eduliszonas agroclimáticasfrutasanálisis cuantitativoanálisis cualitativocomposición quimicaclasificación
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 65 , Issue 6 , November 2010 , pp. 355 - 365
Copyright
© 2010 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Kengue J., Safou: Dacryodes edulis (G. Don.), in: Hughes A., Haq N., Smith R., (Eds.), Int. Centre Underutil. Crops., Fruits for the Future, No. 3, Southamton, U.K., 2002, 145 p.
Isseri F.G., Étude phytogéographique du safoutier (Dacryodes edulis) et quantification de la production du safou au Cameroun, Univ. Ngaoundéré, Mém. DEA, Cameroun, 1998.
Tchoundjeu Z., Tonye J., Anegbeh P., Domestication of key indigenous non-timber forest products: their economical and environmental potentials in degraded zone of West and Central Africa, in: Kengue J., Kapseu C., Kayem G.J. (Eds.), Valorisation du safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels, Presses Univ. Afr., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2002, pp. 51–59.
Anon., Collecte et caractérisation des fruits du safoutier (Dacryodes edulis) dans les différentes zones agro écologiques du Cameroun, Inst. Rech. Méd. Etudes Plantes Méd. (IMPM), Rapp. Act., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2007, 42 p.
Donfagsiteli, T.N., Fotso, Sanonne, Omokolo N.D., Morpho-physical variation of fruits and impact on almond production of Djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii Baill.) in West and Centre of Cameroon, Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 10 (17) (2007) 2838–2843. Google Scholar
Leakey, R.R.B., Fondoun, J.M., Atangana, A., Tchoundjeu, Z., Quantitative descriptors of variation in the fruits and seeds of Irvingia gabonensis , Agrofor. Syst. 50 (2000) 47–58. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atangana, A.R., Ukafor, V., Anegbeh, Asaah E.P., Tchoundjeu Z., Fondoun J.M., Ndoumbe M., Leakey R.R.B., Domestication of Irvingia gabonensis: 2. The selection of multiple traits for potential cultivars from Cameroon and Nigeria, Agrofor. Syst. 55 (2002) 221–229. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapchie N.V., Tchiegang C., Mbofung C.M., Kapseu C., Variations dans les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des fruits de l’aielé (Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.) de différentes provenances du Cameroun, in: Kengue J., Kapseu C., Kayem G.J. (Eds.), Valorisation du safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels, Presses Univ. Afr., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2002, pp. 249–263.
Youmbi, E., Clair-Maczulajtys, D., Bory, G., Variations de la composition chimique des fruits de Dacryodes edulis (Don.) Lam., Fruits 44 (3) (1989) 149–154. Google Scholar
Silou, T.H., Kiakouama, S., Bezard, J., Sempore, G., Notes sur la composition en acides gras et en triglycérides de l’huile de safou en relation avec la solidification partielle de cette huile, Fruits 46 (3) 271–279.
Silou T.H., Kiakouama S., Koucka-Gokana B., Évaluation de la production et étude de la variabilité morphologique et physico-chimique du safou, in: Kengue J., Nya Ngatchou J. (Eds.), Valorisation du safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels, Presses Univ. Afr., Douala, Cameroun, 1994, pp. 30–44.
Kapseu C., Tchiegang C., Contribution à l’étude de la composition de l’huile de deux types de safou, in : Kengue J., Nya Ngatchou (Eds.), Valorisation du safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels, Presses Univ. Afr., Douala, Cameroun, 1994, pp. 104–114.
Bezard, J., Silou, T.H., Kiakouama, S., Sempore, G., Variation de la fraction glycéridique de l’huile de safou avec l’état de maturité du fruit, Rev. Fr. Corps Gras 38 (1991) 8–21. Google Scholar
Silou T.H., Contribution à la caractérisation des safous (Dacryodes edulis) d’Afrique centrale : méthodologie et synthèse des résultats préliminaires, in: Kengue J., Kapseu C., Kayem G.J. (Eds.), Valorisation du safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels, Presses Univ. Afr., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2000, pp. 300–323.
Anon., Contribution des groupements d’initiatives communes au développement rural au Cameroun, MINADER, Rapp. Enqu., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2001, 58 p.
Wolff J.P., Manuel d’analyse des corps gras, Azoulay (Ed.), Paris, France 1968, 519 p.
Booij, I., Piombo, G., Risterucci, J.M., Coupé, M., Thomas, D., Ferry, M., Étude de la composition chimique de dattes à différents stades de maturité pour la caractérisation variétale des divers cultivars de palmier dattier (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Fruits 47 (1992) 667–677. Google Scholar
Ashwell G., Colorimetric analysis of saccharids, in: Colowick S.P., Kaplan N.O. (Eds.), Methods in enzymology, Vol. 3, Acad. Press Inc., N.Y., U.S.A., 1957, pp. 73–105.
Yemm, E.W., Cooking, E.C., The determination of amino acids with ninhydrin, Analysis 80 (1955) 209–213. Google Scholar
Macheix J.J., Fleuriet A., Billot J., Fruit phenolic, CRC press Inc., Boca Raton, Fla., USA, 1990, pp. 378–380.
Marigo, G., Sur une méthode de fractionnement et d’estimation des composés phénoliques chez les végétaux, Analysis 2 (1973) 106–110. Google Scholar
Lecouteux, C.G., Lai, F.M., Bryan, D., Mc Kresie, B.D., Maturation of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) somatic embryos by abscisic acid, sucrose and chiling stress, Plant. Sci. 94 (1993) 207–213. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitative of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-Dye binding, Ann. Biochem. 2 (1976) 248–254. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon., Méthodes d’analyses des matières grasses et dérivés, 6e éd., UICPA, Lavoisier Tec et Doc, Paris, France, 1979, 190 p.
Jeffer, J.N.R., Two case studies in the application of principle component analysis, Appl. Stat. 16 (1967) 225–236. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ude, G.N., Dimkpa, C.O., Anegbeh, P.O., Shaibu, A.A., Tenkouano, A., Pillay, M. Tchoundjeu, Z., Analysis of genetic diversity in accessions of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill., Afr. J. Biotech. 5 (3) (2006) 219–223. Google Scholar
Lapido D.O., Adewusi H.G., Omaliko C.P.E., Sarumi M.B., Adebisi A.A., Gbadamosi L.M., Okeke A.I., Asiegbu J.E., Dacryodes edulis germplasm collection from Southern Nigeria, in: Kengue J., Kapseu C., Kayem G.J. (Eds.). Valorisation du safoutier et autres oléagineux non conventionnels, Presses Univ. Afr., Yaoundé, Cameroun, 2000, pp. 93–105.
Oleszek, W., Amiot-Carlin, M.J., Aubert, S., Identification of some phenolics in pear fruits, J. Agric Food Chem. 42 (1994) 1261–1265. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ouazzani, N., Lumaret, R., Idrissi, A., El Ghazi, N., Varietal structure of Moroccan olive germoplasm: evidence from genetics markers and morphological characteristics, Acta Hortic. 586 (2002) 233–236. CrossRefGoogle Scholar