Although much can be learned by contrasting the paradigmatic and influential cases of US and French deinstitutionalization, some alternative explanations nevertheless remain. As an analytic check, this chapter tests the argument in two Scandinavian societies, Sweden and Norway, that share much in common and control for those explanations (e.g., statist welfare provision, ethnic homogeneity, a long history of social solidarity, and a powerful trade union movement). Despite the two countries’ similarities, Sweden’s supply of mental health care is significantly lower than that of Norway. The systems diverged in the 1990s, after the enactments of Sweden’s 1995 Psychiatry Reform and Norway’s 1996–7 Mental Health Care Escalation Plan. This chapter contrasts the politics of these two reforms, showing how the absence of a public labor–management coalition produced a negative supply-side policy feedback loop in Sweden and its presence produced a positive loop in Norway. It concludes by assessing the major alternative explanations, including the counterargument that Norway’s access to rich oil revenues over-determined the outcomes in that country.