Symptomatology of epilepsy and its’ associated alteration in brain processes, stigma of experiencing seizures, and adverse sequelae of anti-epileptics have been demonstrated to impact behaviour and exacerbate psychopathology. This study examines the role of dysfunctional schema modes in People with Epilepsy (PWE) and their association with psychiatric symptoms.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 108 PWE treated with anti-epileptics for at least one year and with no history or mental disorder or psycho-active substance use. Clinical symptoms were measured utilising the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) with schema modes measured utilising the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI).

Maladaptive coping and child schema modes were significantly higher in individuals from lower socio-economic status group (p < 0.01), with several maladaptive schema modes more prevalent in males. Hostility symptoms were increased in individuals from lower socio-economic classes and were more prevalent early in disease course. Several psychological symptoms including somatisation, interpersonal, obsession, depression, paranoia, hostility, phobia, anxiety, and psychoticism, were predicted by various maladaptive schema modes (p < 0.001).

This study highlights the impact of maladaptive schemas, suggesting that PWE might benefit from the introduction of appropriate psychotherapeutic interventions such as schema-focused therapy, particularly if from lower socio-economic classes or in the early stages of theirdisease course.

The relationship between fear and social ties has been frequently discussed in the context of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but investigation of the nature of these experiences is still insufficient. Research suggests that people who respect social ties often experience better mental health outcomes. However, when socially isolated, excluded, or subjected to rumors, they may become more vulnerable to criticism, shame, and fear. Another potential problem of the COVID-19 pandemic is intergroup prejudice and distrust.

To examine the development and mitigation of social ties, fears, and biases during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We applied discourse analysis to relevant literature and their associated references that incorporated textual, social, and cognitive dimensions. The main databases used were PubMed and Web of Science.

Although the importance of social ties was loudly vocalized as lessening loneliness, people also globally described stigma-related fear or intergroup conflicts. The sense of social ties appeared disproportionately amplified in the form of an in-group identity, group pressures, and empathic distress. Some people overstated worries about their COVID-19-positive status being revealed to others and causing distress for them. Furthermore, discrimination and vigilantism were manifested with fear-related stereotyping and hostility.

Our findings support the view that social ties can indeed function as both risk and protective factors. Context-adjusted perspectives and reciprocal dialogs seem crucial to alleviate these negative impacts. The subsequent mitigation of misunderstandings, fear-induced bias, and maladaptive distress appraisal may lead to a more reasonable and flexible recognition of social ties.

No significant relationships.

Cardiac surgery patients (CSP) are cardiovascular patients who undergo surgery to treat their disease. Are their psychological characteristics different from those of other cardiac patients?

The goal is to establish peculiarities of the clinical-and-psychological status of CSPs in different clinical groups.

According to clinical parameters, 152 CSPs were divided into three groups. The first group comprised patients with CHD indicated to an open-heart coronary artery bypass grafting, the second one included patients with heart failure who were to undergo aortic valve surgery, and the third group included CHD patients and those with heart rhythm abnormalities indicated to minimally invasive surgery.

CSPs had a number of cardiologic complaints, mental disturbance manifestations and concomitant somatic diseases. They showed difference in the duration of the disease, previous occurrence of heart surgery or myocardial infarction, and in the degree of heart failure manifestations. Self-assessment of pre-surgery CSPs corresponded to the severity of their clinical condition, while indications of hope for recovery were at the maximum level. The second group showed a moderate level of depression, while the third one – slight depression. All the groups revealed a disharmonic profile of time perspective. Group 1 CSPs showed some manifestations of hostility. We saw different manifestations of CSPs’ personal adaptation resources. While hardiness had insufficient showings at the level of most components, social support was excessive in all groups.

CSPs as other cardiac patients revealed depressive disorders and hostility. At the same time, they have more social support, which testifies availability of good interpersonal resources.

No significant relationships.

There is a well-established association between anger, hostility, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence also suggests associations between anger/hostility and type 2 diabetes (T2D), though evidence from longitudinal studies has not yet been synthesized.

To systematically review findings from existing prospective cohort studies on trait anger/hostility and the risk of T2D and diabetes-related complications.

Electronic searches of MEDLINE (PubMed), PsychINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL were performed for articles/abstracts published up to December 15, 2020. Peer-reviewed longitudinal studies conducted with adult samples, with effect estimates reported for trait anger or hostility and incident T2D or diabetes-related complications, were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias/study quality was assessed. The review protocol was published a priori in PROSPERO (CRD42020216356) and was in keeping with PRISMA guidelines. Screening for eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment was conducted by two independent reviewers.

Four studies with a total of 155,146 participants met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis of extracted data was conducted according to the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis guidelines. While results were mixed, our synthesis suggested a positive association between high trait-anger/hostility and increased risk of incident T2D. No longitudinal studies were identified relating to anger/hostility and incident diabetes-related complications. Geographical locations of the study samples were limited to the USA and Japan.

Further research is needed to investigate whether trait-anger/hostility predicts incident type 2 diabetes after adjustments for potential confounding factors. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate trait-anger/hostility and the risk of diabetes-related vascular complications.

No significant relationships.

The presence of low-activity alleles of the MAOA gene increases the risk of hostility.

To study the association of hostility with high and low-active variants of the MAOA gene in an open population of men 45-64 years.

Under the WHO International Program MONICA-psychosocial and HAPIEE a representative sample of men aged 45–64 years (n = 781 men, average age was 56.48 ± 0.2 years) examined in 2003-2005. All respondents independently completed a questionnaire on hostility. From the surveyed sample using the random number method 156 men were selected who were genotyped for MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism.

It was found the level of hostility in the population of men was 60.3%. In persons with low-active alleles of the MAOA-L gene (allele 2 and 3) a high level of hostility was more common - 50.9%. The results of building a logistic regression model showed that the presence of low-active alleles (2; 3) of the MAOA gene increases the likelihood of hostility OR = 2,103 (95% CI 1,137-3,889, p = 0.018).

Our findings allow us to conclude that the low-active allele of the MAOA-L gene is associated with hostility.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between depression and hostility among teacher.

Participants were 531 teachers of education organization of Golestan province in Iran. The mean age of the participants was 37.49 years (SD = 5.58) and ages ranged from 21 to 50 years old. There were 215 men and 316 women. Measures: All participants completed a questionnaire booklet containing one self- report measures: The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R).

The results of the present study demonstrate that: 1) Correlation between depression and teacher's hostility is meaningful and positive (r = 0.714, p<0.001).

The present study revealed that a more depression is associated with a high level of self-reported hostility.

University student became a target population for number of research studies due to increased number and types of mental and psychosocial problems that they suffer from.

To examine the relationship between depression, hostility and substance use among university students in Jordan.

Descriptive correlation study. Data collected on demographics, depression, hostility, and substance use from 572 university students in Jordan.

Almost 75% of the university students had mild to severe depression. Tobacco, pain killers, stimulants, tranquilizers, inhalants, and alcohol respectively were the most used substances. Depression was negatively correlated with hostility(r = .10, p= .04) and tobacco use (r =.19, p < .001). Depression level has positive correlation with frequency of using pain killers, inhalants, stimulants, tranquilizers, and heroine (p < .05). Male and female university students were not different in their depression scores, hostility, and frequency of substance use.

Depression, hostility and substance use were correlated. Mental health care providers have to understand the impact of depression among university students in Jordan.

Positive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample.

To study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls.

The result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression.

These findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.