‘Just transition’ is a concept originally developed by the labour movement to reconcile workers’ rights with the necessity to combat climate change. More recently, supra- and international organisations have also adopted this idea. However, it remains unclear to what extent these actors follow the eco-social ambitions of organised labour. In this article, we develop a conceptual framework to capture diverse just transition approaches by distinguishing between the goal, policy, and governance dimension. We apply a multi-method approach to gauge the extent of variation in the just transition conceptualisations of three actors: the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the European Union (EU). We identify a cleavage between the ILO where just transition refers to an ambitious eco-social agenda on the one hand, and the IMF’s emphasis on macroeconomic adaptation on the other. The EU takes up a middle position by promoting a ‘green growth’ strategy with medium emphasis on environmental and social risk mitigation.

The phenomenon of child labour is on the rise in Europe in the wake of the economic crisis. Specific action in tackling this practice faces a range of challenges including the often hidden nature of the work, cultural attitudes and gendered constructions of the role of children especially in domestic settings. This article explores the range of international standards and efforts made by numerous human rights tribunals aimed at combating the practice, with particular emphasis on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. It concludes that the Court has drawn erratically on its standard methodologies (including the comparative technique) in interpreting Article 4 of the ECHR, thus providing limited guidance to European States in getting to grips with child labour.

Child labour is a phrase associated with exploitation, poverty, insufficient education and various forms of physical abuse. These connotations do not match Australian perceptions about the employment of children and are not correlated with mainstream dialogue on teenagers in part time and casual employment. Child employment is an accepted part of Australian society, with older children making up a significant portion of the workforce. Minimum standards are increasingly regarded a critical safeguard for young Australians at work, evidenced by recent state level statutory amendment and enactment of dedicated legislation. This article makes two submissions; first, it suggests the regulation of young people's working conditions is inappropriately neglected at national level in Australia, and secondly, it proposes national standards should be set and equated with those in other developed economies, meeting international standards. The 1994 European Community Directive on the Protection of Young Workers is referred to as a suitable benchmark.

International Labour Organisation — Scope of — Whether Restricted to Manual Labour — Convention of 1919 concerning Employment of Women during the Night — Interpretation of Treaties — Preparatory Work — Interpretation by Reference to Circumstances Obtaining at the Time of the Conclusion of the Treaty — Effect of Changes since the Conclusion of the Convention.

Territories under International Government — Free City of Danzig — Status of — Membership of the International Labour Organisation — Poland and Danzig.

Treaties — Multilateral Treaties — Waiver of Rights under the System of.

League of Nations — Covenant of — Article 1 — “Self-Governing” — Meaning of — Relevance to Membership of the International Labour Organisation.

Permanent Court of International Justice — Advisory Opinions — Scope of — Limited by Issue before the Court — Hypothetical Nature of the Issue.

International Labour Organisation — Membership of — Free City of Danzig — Special Status of — Compatibility with Membership of the Organisation — Articles 102–104 of the Treaty of Versailles — Treaty of 1920 between Poland and Danzig — Scope of Advisory Opinion — Limited by Issue put before the Court — Hypothetical Nature of the Issue — Article 1 of the Covenant — Meaning of the Expression “Fully self-governing” — Waiver of Rights under a Collective Treaty.

Treaties — Interpretation — Rejection of Interpretation Producing Inequitable Results — Article 389 (3) of the Treaty of Versailles — International Labour Conference — Nomination of Labour Representatives.

International Labour Organisation — Constitution of — Nomination of Delegates — Designation of Non-Government Delegates — Article 389 (3) of the Treaty of Versailles — Interpretation of Treaties — Rejection of Interpretation Producing Inequitable Results.

Treaties — Interpretation — Rules of — Ejusdem Generis — “And Other Measures.”

Permanent Court of International Justice — Advisory Opinions — Non-Contentious Questions.

International Labour Organisation — Competence of — Examination of Proposals for the Organisation and Development — of Methods of Agricultural Production — When Incidental to Regulation of Conditions of Work.

International Labour Organisation — Competence of — Regulation of Conditions of Work of Persons Employed in Agriculture — Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles — General Purpose of the Treaty.

Interpretation Inconsistent with the Aim of the Treaty — International Labour Organisation — Competence — Regulation of Work of Employers.

International Labour Organisation — Competence — Regulation of Work of Employers — Interpretation of Treaties — Interpretation Inconsistent with the Aim of the Treaty.

International Labour Organisation — Draft Convention — Duty of Members to Bring it before the Competent National Authority — Federal Constitution — Dominion of Canada.

International Labour Organisation — Competence of — Distinction between Laying Down Principles by the Organisation and their Execution by the Members.

International Labour Organisation — Alleged Restrictions of National Sovereignty — Interpretation of the Relevant Treaty Provisions.

Interpretation — Alleged Abandonment of Sovereignty — Restrictive Interpretation — Competence of the International Labour Organisation.