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2 results

  • (b) - The crusader states

  • from 18 - The crusades
  • David Abulafia, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    21 October 1999, pp 590-606

  • Summary

    At first sight it may seem surprising that the truncated and war-ravaged remnants of the crusader states should have lasted as long as they did. Directly after the Third Crusade there were few places in the Latin Kingdom other than Tyre and Acre that could have held out against full-scale assault. It is difficult to estimate the military resources at the disposal of the rulers of kingdom of Jerusalem in the thirteenth century. The ability of the military Orders to build and garrison substantial fortresses, take a share in the defence of the cities. The ports of the Latin east thus became the entrepots in what was evidently a most lucrative commerce. Trade and the wealth generated by trade were of the utmost importance to the rulers of Latin Syria. In the decades immediately following the Third Crusade the chief theatre of conflict in the east was Antioch.

  • 22 - The Mongols and Europe

  • from Part VI - The Northern and Eastern Frontiers
  • David Abulafia, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    21 October 1999, pp 701-719

  • Summary

    The founder of the Mongol empire was a chieftain named Temujin, who in the late twelfth century had become leader of one of a number of nomadic tribes which paid tribute to the Chin dynasty in northern China. Rulers who submitted to the Mongols were obliged to make their troops available to the conquerors, and by the time the Mongols reached Europe their armies were made up of numerous elements, both steppe nomad cavalry and horse or foot auxiliaries from sedentary regions. Chinggis Khan never returned to the west, but the Mongol advance in this direction was resumed on the orders of Ogodei. The Mongol campaigns of 1259-60 in eastern Europe and in Syria were therefore the last military efforts of the united empire. When the first news of the assault on the Khwarazmshah had reached the army of the Fifth Crusade at Damietta in 1220, it had been assumed that the victors were Christians.