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8 results

  • Clinical wisdom in the age of computer apps: a systematic review of four functions that may complement clinical treatment

  • Catalina R. Pacheco, Michael S. Scheeringa
  • Journal:
    The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist / Volume 15 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 August 2022, e40

  • Mental health clinicians perform complex tasks with patients that potentially could be improved by the massive computing power available through mobile apps. This study aimed to analyse commercially available mobile and computer applications (apps) focused on treating psychiatric disorders. Apps were analysed by two independent raters for whether they took advantage of computer power to process data in a fashion that augments four main elements of clinical treatment including (1) assessment/diagnosis, (2) treatment planning, (3) treatment fidelity monitoring, and (4) outcome tracking. The evidence base for each of these apps was also explored via PsychINFO, Research Gate and Google Scholar. Searches of the Google Play Store, the Apple App Store, and the One Mind PsyberGuide found 722 apps labelled for mental health use, of which 163 apps were judged relevant to clinical work with patients with psychiatric disorders. Fifty-nine of these were determined to contain a computer-driven function for at least one of the four main elements of clinical treatment. The most common element was assessment/diagnosis (55/59 apps), followed by outcome tracking (34/59 apps). Six apps updated treatment plans using user input. Only one app tracked treatment fidelity. None of the apps contained computer-driven functions for all four elements. Twelve apps were supported in randomized clinical trials to show greater efficacy compared with either wait-list or other active treatments. Results showed that these four clinical elements can be meaningfully augmented, but the full potential of computer processing appears unreached in mental health-related apps.

    Key learning aims

    1. (1) To understand what apps are currently available to treat clinical-level psychiatric problems.

    2. (2) To understand how many of the commercially available mental health-focused apps can be used for the treatment of clinical populations.

    3. (3) To understand how mental health services can be complemented by utilizing computer processing power within apps.

  • Digitized thought records: a practitioner-focused review of cognitive restructuring apps

  • Drew Erhardt, John Bunyi, Zoë Dodge-Rice, Martha Neary, Stephen M. Schueller
  • Journal:
    The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist / Volume 15 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 August 2022, e39
    • Article
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  • Mental health (MH) apps can be used as adjunctive tools in traditional face-to-face therapy to help implement components of evidence-based treatments. However, practitioners interested in using MH apps face a variety of challenges, including knowing which apps would be appropriate to use. Although some resources are available to help practitioners identify apps, granular analyses of how faithfully specific clinical skills are represented in apps are lacking. This study aimed to conduct a review and analysis of MH apps containing a core component of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) – cognitive restructuring (CR). A keyword search for apps providing CR functionality on the Apple App and Android Google Play stores yielded 246 apps after removal of duplicates, which was further reduced to 15 apps following verification of a CR component and application of other inclusionary/exclusionary criteria. Apps were coded based on their inclusion of core elements of CR, and general app features including app content, interoperability/data sharing, professional involvement, ethics, and data safeguards. They were also rated on user experience as assessed by the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Whereas a majority of the CR apps include most core CR elements, they vary considerably with respect to more granular sub-elements of CR (e.g. rating the intensity of emotions), other general app features, and user experience (average MARS = 3.53, range from 2.30 to 4.58). Specific apps that fared best with respect to CR fidelity and user experience dimensions are highlighted, and implications of findings for clinicians, researchers and app developers are discussed.

    Key learning aims

    1. (1) To identify no-cost mobile health apps that practitioners can adopt to facilitate cognitive restructuring.

    2. (2) To review how well the core elements of cognitive restructuring are represented in these apps.

    3. (3) To characterize these apps with respect to their user experience and additional features.

    4. (4) To provide examples of high-quality apps that represent cognitive restructuring with fidelity and facilitate its clinical implementation.

  • Mental health mobile apps for patients: Psychiatrists’ concerns

  • S. Hanft-Robert, K. Tabi, H. Gill, A. Endres, R.M. Krausz
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 64 / Issue S1 / April 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 August 2021, p. S346
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  • Introduction

    The use of mobile apps aimed at supporting patients with a mental illness is rapidly increasing.

    Objectives

    The presented results explore psychiatrists’ concerns about mobile apps for patients with a mental illness. These results are part of a larger study that examines psychiatrists’ attitudes regarding the use and development of mobile apps.

    Methods

    In the qualitative exploratory study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 psychiatrists in Czech Republic, Austria, and Slovakia. Psychiatrists were recruited via snowball sampling. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and content analyzed using deductive and inductive category development.

    Results

    There were mixed feelings regarding mobile apps for patients with mental illness. While psychiatrists emphasized certain benefits (e.g. increasing patients’ treatment motivation and engagement), several concerns were also expressed, especially by psychiatrists who were generally unfamiliar with mobile apps. They feared being replaced; were afraid that patients would act as their own doctors, thereby damaging their health; stressed that mobile apps could not respond or be tailored to an individual the same way psychiatrists could tailor treatment to a patient.

    Conclusions

    The psychiatrists who were more likely to have concerns about mental health apps were those who were generally unfamiliar with the apps and/or thought the apps aim to replace, rather than support, face-to-face treatment. Thus, clinicians and patients should be familiarized with the use of such mobile apps and educated on how they could support the face-to-face treatment.

  • 1 - Privacy in the Internet of Things World

  • from Part I - Privacy and Security in the Connected Era
  • Stacy-Ann Elvy, University of California, Davis
  • Book:
    A Commercial Law of Privacy and Security for the Internet of Things
    Published online:
    17 August 2021
    Print publication:
    29 July 2021, pp 25-58

  • Summary

    There are various definitions of privacy, and for some time now, privacy harms have been characterized as intractable and ambiguous. In this chapter, I argue that regardless of how one conceptualizes privacy the ubiquitous nature of IoT devices and the data they generate, together with corporate data business models and programs, create significant privacy concerns for all of us. The brisk expansion of the IoT has increased “the volume, velocity, variety and value of data.”1 The IoT has made new types of data that were never before widely available to organizations more easily accessible. IoT devices and connected mobile apps and services observe and collect many types of data about us, including health-related and biometric data.

    The IoT allows corporate entities to colonize and obtain access to traditionally private areas and activities while simultaneously reducing our public and private anonymity.

  • Implementing Participatory Site Stewardship through Citizen Science and Mobile Apps: The Case of Bodie, California

  • Nicola Lercari, Denise Jaffke
  • Journal:
    Advances in Archaeological Practice / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / November 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 October 2020, pp. 337-350
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  • Historic archaeological resources in the American West are increasingly at risk of loss because of prolonged droughts, wildfires, earthquakes, general deterioration, and the negative impact of increasing visitation. Casual visitors regularly remove objects from their original contexts in the landscape, either taking them home as souvenirs or bringing them to local staff because they are concerned about the items disappearing. As a result, many sites of cultural significance are losing the ability to convey the information required for scholarly interpretation and for drafting community and life histories of their past residents. We argue that citizen science and mobile apps specifically designed for site stewardship are viable tools for alleviating negative human impacts on cultural landscapes and enhancing our capacity to record and monitor sites of cultural heritage. We contend that our approach uses an innovative interface, the Citizen Preservationist app, an open-source hybrid mobile/desktop software we developed to foster both current use and protection of archaeological sites and historic parks. We demonstrated the viability of our app by conducting a user study at Bodie, California (ca. 1859–1942), that assessed how this software promotes a sense of stewardship and appreciation for the archaeological heritage of this beloved California State Historic Park.

  • 26 - Indigenizing the Internet

  • from Part IV - Visions and Revisions: 21st-Century Prospects
  • Edited by Melanie Benson Taylor, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Native American Literature
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    17 September 2020, pp 481-500

  • Summary

    This chapter engages with the Internet as a discursive realm where the profound conflicts generated by settler-colonialism continue to be played out. In the dynamic space of the Internet, Indigenous digital storying is a claim to rhetorical sovereignty that articulates Native self-determination through specific ways of knowing and being. A powerful statement of Indigenous self-determination is the use of mobile locative media – “Mapping Indigenous LA” (Gabrielino/Tongva and Tataviam), Knowing the Land beneath Our Feet (Musqueam), and Finding Sacred Ground (Lakota) – to create a digital remapping of Native geography, denaturalizing settler cartographies and restoring Native storying to the land, while two dominant “digital Native” forms of storying that use the capabilities of virtual media in conjunction with traditional literary genres to instantiate Indigenous cosmologies are the digital film-poems or “poemeos” exemplified by Heid Erdrich’s Anishinaabe storying, aas well as Elizabeth LaPensée’s Anishinaabe/Métis storying through Indigenously-determined digital narrative or videogames.

  • Using ‘Smart’ Technology to Aid in Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Examining an Innovative Way to Monitor and Improve Quit Attempt Outcomes

  • Carol Morriscey, Aaron Shephard, Anouk van Houdt, David Kerr, Sean P. Barrett
  • Journal:
    Journal of Smoking Cessation / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / September 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 September 2018, pp. 149-154
    Print publication:
    September 2019
  • Introduction

    Recently, smartphone applications (apps) have been used as smoking cessation aids. Interactive apps appear to more effective than non-interactive apps. SmokeBeat, a smartphone app used in conjunction with a smartwatch, aims to detect smoking events, interact with the user as they occur and potentially stop smoking events before they occur in the future.

    Aims

    The purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of SmokeBeat in detecting smoking events.

    Methods

    The feasibility of using the app as a smoking cessation aid was tested over a 2-week period by daily, dependent smokers. SmokeBeat's cigarette detection rate was measured in laboratory sessions both before and after the 2-week period. Fisher's exact test was used to compare detection rates from each session.

    Results/Findings

    The detection rate was 22.5% during session 1 and 41.7% during session 2. Once technological issues were controlled for (i.e., signal loss between smartphone and smartwatch), SmokeBeat's detection rate improved over the 2-week period, resulting in a 100% detection rate.

    Conclusions

    Apps which can detect smoking events in real time present an opportunity for a proactive and interactive smoking cessation aid – a potentially useful tool for individuals attempting to quit smoking.

  • Smartphone apps for snoring

  • M Camacho, M Robertson, J Abdullatif, V Certal, Y A Kram, C M Ruoff, S E Brietzke, R Capasso
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 129 / Issue 10 / October 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 September 2015, pp. 974-979
    Print publication:
    October 2015
  • Objective:

    To identify and systematically evaluate user-friendly smartphone snoring apps.

    Methods:

    The Apple iTunes app store was searched for snoring apps that allow recording and playback. Snoring apps were downloaded, evaluated and rated independently by four authors. Two patients underwent polysomnography, and the data were compared with simultaneous snoring app recordings, and one patient used the snoring app at home.

    Results:

    Of 126 snoring apps, 13 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most critical app feature was the ability to graphically display the snoring events. The Quit Snoring app received the highest overall rating. When this app's recordings were compared with in-laboratory polysomnography data, app snoring sensitivities ranged from 64 to 96 per cent, and snoring positive predictive values ranged from 93 to 96 per cent. A chronic snorer used the app nightly for one month and tracked medical interventions. Snoring decreased from 200 to 10 snores per hour, and bed partner snoring complaint scores decreased from 9 to 2 (on a 0–10 scale).

    Conclusion:

    Select smartphone apps are user-friendly for recording and playing back snoring sounds. Preliminary comparison of more than 1500 individual snores demonstrates the potential clinical utility of such apps; however, further validation testing is recommended.