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2 results

  • 19 - Capnography and adjuncts of mechanical ventilation

  • from 1 - Ventilation
  • Edited by J. S. Gravenstein, University of Florida, Michael B. Jaffe, Nikolaus Gravenstein, University of Florida, David A. Paulus, University of Florida
  • Book:
    Capnography
    Published online:
    05 August 2011
    Print publication:
    17 March 2011, pp 169-182

  • Summary

    It is important to keep in mind the differences between PETCO2, alveolar CO2, and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) as extremes of temperature and altitude, and the potential for sensor interference by condensation or various body fluids, may significantly affect the performance of these devices. This chapter presents the evidence for use of PETCO2 monitoring to guide ventilation in the field and reviews each type of device available, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. In theory, monitoring of PETCO2 data should lead to a low incidence of hyperventilation, regardless of whether manual or mechanical ventilation is used. Quantitative capnometry has great potential for guiding ventilation in the prehospital arena. Advances in the technology for PETCO2 monitoring, including capnometry and capnography, have allowed these devices to be small and durable enough to be carried into the field, where they can help avoid hyperventilation and injurious ventilation patterns.

  • 34 - Capnography and the single-path model applied to cardiac output recovery and airway structure and function

  • from 1 - Ventilation
  • Edited by J. S. Gravenstein, University of Florida, Michael B. Jaffe, Nikolaus Gravenstein, University of Florida, David A. Paulus, University of Florida
  • Book:
    Capnography
    Published online:
    05 August 2011
    Print publication:
    17 March 2011, pp 347-359

  • Summary

    Quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO2) has become standard practice in many clinical situations. The rationale for measuring the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) in exhaled gas is the assumption that end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) is a reflection of alveolar PCO2 (PaCO2). Hemoglobin plays an essential role in CO2 transport and elimination. Elimination of CO2 from the lung occurs as a function of gas exchange between the atmosphere and alveoli. In order to gain a greater understanding of the gradient between PaCO2 and PETCO2, an analysis of the interaction of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion is necessary. The alveolar gas equation (AGE) is used to analyze the effect of ventilation on oxygenation of arterial blood. An understanding of the interrelationship between pulmonary perfusion, ventilation, tidal volume, and regional VA/Q will enhance the utility of capnography as a monitor.