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19 - Capnography and adjuncts of mechanical ventilation

from 1 - Ventilation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2011

By
U. Lucangelo ,
F. Bernabè  and
L. Blanch
Edited by
J. S. Gravenstein ,
Michael B. Jaffe ,
Nikolaus Gravenstein  and
David A. Paulus
J. S. Gravenstein
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Michael B. Jaffe
Affiliation:
Philip Healthcare
Nikolaus Gravenstein
Affiliation:
University of Florida
David A. Paulus
Affiliation:
University of Florida
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Summary

This chapter highlights the role of capnography as a monitoring tool with the different adjuncts to mechanical ventilation that are currently used in critically ill patients. The application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to increase lung volume and improve oxygenation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). Studies of unilateral lung injury demonstrate that the consolidated lung regions do not expand to total lung capacity during inflation. Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) is an adjunct to mechanical ventilation that allows ventilation with small tidal volumes while CO2 is satisfactorily eliminated. High-frequency ventilation (HFV) techniques have three essential elements in common: a high-pressure flow generator, a valve for flow interruption, and a circuit for connection to the patient. Measurement of deadspace fraction early in the course of acute respiratory failure may provide clinicians important physiologic and prognostic information.

Keywords

capnographyhyperventilationmechanical ventilationquantitative capnometryPETCO2prehospital arena
Type
Chapter
Information
Capnography , pp. 169 - 182
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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