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5 results

  • Chapter 1 - Words and Deeds in Chaucer

  • Taylor Cowdery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
  • Book:
    Matter and Making in Early English Poetry
    Published online:
    15 June 2023
    Print publication:
    29 June 2023, pp 15-51

  • Summary

    Throughout his work, Geoffrey Chaucer often returns to a well-known medieval commonplace: that “words” should be “cosyn” to the “deeds” they denote. After tracing the history of this commonplace and noting its prominence in fourteenth-century legal, philosophical, and literary discourse, this chapter turns to Chaucer’s use of the dictum in his Canterbury Tales. I argue that the Tales may be read as Chaucer’s free exploration of the different kinds of deeds, or matters, to which a poet’s words might be held “cosyn.” Different pilgrims take different positions on this question throughout the Tales, and this accounts, in part, for the variety of matter and styles employed in their narratives. This variety notwithstanding, I suggest the Tales ultimately posit that the proper “deed” of literature is historical in character. Chaucer comes to this insight over the course of Fragment Seven, and he makes his boldest claim for it in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale, which suggests that poetry always retains the marks of the history that has produced its words and forms—no matter how autonomous or fictional that poetry may appear.

  • 8 - Persons, Things and Nature in Roman Law

  • from Part II - Recollection
  • Edited by Sandy Lamalle, Concordia University, Montréal, Peter Stoett, Ontario Tech University
  • Book:
    Representations and Rights of the Environment
    Published online:
    16 March 2023
    Print publication:
    06 April 2023, pp 184-205

  • Summary

    Roman law is often considered as an intellectual matrix of contemporary laws and in particular French civil law. However, even if the vocabulary persisted, some legal concepts went through great changes across history as law was step by step related to a subject’s power. The notion of ‘thing’ originally meant the trial, the case, the litigious situation managed by the legal process. In this way, the thing was understood as a res iuris. In contemporary law systems, the thing (res as a legal category) ordinarily specifies some goods on which the subject applies his property power. This view is understandable considering the evolution due to the theorisation of subjective law which led to the promotion of a strong and exclusive separation between persons and things, while Roman law could imbricate these legal categories. This difficulty is at the heart of the problem when jurists aim to categorise Nature in legal taxonomy.

  • Validation of the Computerized Suicide Risk Scale – a backpropagation neural network instrument (CSRS-BP)

  • I. Modai, M. Ritsner, R. Kurs, S. Mendel, A. Ponizovsky
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 17 / Issue 2 / April 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 April 2020, pp. 75-81
  • Background

    Medically serious suicide attempts have been recognized as the most important predictor of suicide. The Computerized Suicide Risk Scale based on backpropagation neural networks (CSRS-BP) has been recently found efficient in the detection of records of patients who performed medically serious suicide attempts (MSSA).

    Objectives

    To validate the CSRS-BP by: 1) using the CSRS-BP with patients instead of records; 2) comparing the ability of expert psychiatrists to detect MSSA, using the CSRS checklist; and 3) comparing the results of the Risk Estimator for Suicide (RES) and the self-rating Suicide Risk Scale (SRS) with the CSRS-BP.

    Methods

    Two hundred fifty psychiatric inpatients (35 MSSA and 215 non-MSSA) were diagnosed by clinicians using the SCID DSM-IV. Three expert psychiatrists completed the CSRS checklist, and the RES for each patient, and the patients completed the self-report SRS assessment scale. The CSRS-BP was run for each patient. Five other expert psychiatrists assessed the CSRS checklists and estimated the probability of MSSA for each patient. Comparisons of sensitivity and specificity rates between CSRS-BP, assessment scales and experts were done.

    Results

    Initially, the CSRS-BP, RES, SRS, and experts performed poorly. Although sensitivity and specificity rates significantly improved (two to four times) after the inclusion of information regarding the number of previous suicide attempts in the input data set, results still remained insignificant.

    Conclusions

    The CSRS-BP, which was very successful in the detection of MSSA patient records, failed to detect MSSA patients in face-to-face interviews. Information regarding previous suicide attempts is an important MSSA predictor, but remains insufficient for the detection of MSSA in individual patients. The detection rate of the SRS and RES scales was also poor and could therefore not identify MSSA patients or be used to validate the CSRS-BP.

  • An inventory of Antarctic sub-glacial lakes

  • M.J. Siegert, J.A. Dowdeswell, M.R. Gorman, N.F. McIntyre
  • Journal:
    Antarctic Science / Volume 8 / Issue 3 / September 1996
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2004, pp. 281-286

  • An extensive analogue database of 60 MHz radio-echo sounding records of Antarctica (covering 50% of the ice sheet) is held at the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. This database was analysed in order to determine the presence and location of Antarctic sub-glacial lakes. In total, 77 sub-glacial lake-type records were identified, 13 more than detected in previous studies. An inventory of these sub-glacial lakes includes geographical coordinates, minimum length and overlying ice thickness for each lake. Information concerning the location of these lakes indicates that the majority (~70%) are found in the proximity of ice divides at Dome C and Ridge B within East Antarctica.

  • Validación de la Escala Informatizada de Riesgo de Suicidio, un instrumento de red neural de retropropagación (CSRS-BP)

  • I. Modai, M. Ritsner, R. Kurs, S. Mendel, A. Ponizovsky
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry (Ed.Española) / Volume 9 / Issue 7 / October 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 May 2020, pp. 441-448
    Print publication:
    October 2002
  • Antecedentes:

    Los intentos de suicidio médicamente graves se han reconocido como el predictor más importante de suicidio. Recientemente se ha encontrado que la Escala Informatizada de Riesgo de Suicidio basada en redes neurales de retropropagación (CSRS-BP) es eficaz en la detección de historias clínicas de pacientes que realizaron intentos de suicidio médicamente graves (ISMG).

    Objetivos:

    Validar la CSRS-BP: 1) utilizándola con pacientes en lugar de con historias clínicas; 2) comparando la capacidad de psiquiatras expertos para detectar ISMG utilizando la lista de la CSRS, y 3) comparando los resultados del Estimador de Riesgo para el Suicidio (RES) y la Escala de autoevaluación de Riesgo de Suicidio (SRS) con la CSRS-BP.

    Métodos:

    Profesionales clínicos diagnosticaron a 250 pacientes psiquiátricos hospitalizados (35 con ISMG y 215 sin ISMG) utilizando la SCID del DSM IV. Tres psiquiatras expertos cumplimentaron la lista de la CSRS y el RES para cada paciente, y los pacientes rellenaron la escala de evaluación de autoinforme SRS. La CSRS-BP se pasó en máquina para cada paciente. Otros cinco psiquiatras expertos evaluaron las listas de la CSRS y estimaron la probabilidad de ISMG para cada paciente. Se hicieron comparaciones de las tasas de sensibilidad y especificidad entre la CSRS-BP, las escalas de evaluación y los expertos.

    Resultados:

    Inicialmente, la CSRS-BP, el RES, la SRS y los expertos obtuvieron malos resultados. Aunque las tasas de sensibilidad y especificidad mejoraron significativamente (de dos a cuatro veces) después de la inclusión de información con respecto al número de intentos previos de suicidio en el conjunto de datos de entrada, los resultados todavía no eran significativos.

    Conclusiones:

    La CSRS-BP, que tuvo mucho éxito en la detección de historias clínicas de pacientes con ISMG, no detectó a los pacientes con ISMG en entrevistas cara a cara. La información con respecto a los intentos de suicidio anteriores es un predictor importante de ISMG, pero es insuficiente para su detección en los pacientes individuales. La tasa de detección de la SRS y la escala RES fue también mala y, por tanto, no pudieron identificar a los pacientes con ISMG o utilizarse para validar la CSRS-BP.