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11 results

  • Chapter 23 - Tolstoy

  • from Part IV - Literature
  • Edited by Yuri Corrigan, Boston University
  • Book:
    Chekhov in Context
    Published online:
    16 February 2023
    Print publication:
    23 February 2023, pp 177-183

  • Summary

    Rosamund Bartlett examines the case of Chekhov’s most important literary influence, placing the younger writer’s lifelong admiration of Leo Tolstoy as an artist, arbiter of good taste, and moral authority, alongside his gradual divergence from Tolstoy over the value of culture, the importance of art and beauty, the questions of marriage and adultery, and the state and future of the peasantry.

  • 3 - Cultural Environment and Soviet Cinematography as a Legacy of the CPSU

  • Alexander Libman, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munchen, Anastassia V. Obydenkova
  • Book:
    Historical Legacies of Communism
    Published online:
    27 January 2021
    Print publication:
    21 January 2021, pp 52-81

  • Summary

    This chapter looks at the cultural environment in which the CPSU legacy flourishes. Specifically, it focuses on Soviet movies and their perception by Russian society. It shows that Soviet cinematography still enjoys very high popularity in Russia (to a larger extent than modern Russian movies or even foreign movies) and describes how Soviet movies (directly or indirectly) create a favorable environment for the persistence of the legacies of the Communist past. It also briefly looks at how the Communist era is discussed in modern Russian cinema and how it reuses the concepts and ideas of Soviet cinematography.

  • 16 - Russian Cultural Patterns and Intercultural Training

  • from Part III - Indigenous Psychology and Intercultural Training
  • Edited by Dan Landis, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Dharm P. S. Bhawuk, University of Hawaii, Manoa
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Intercultural Training
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    27 August 2020, pp 523-539

  • Summary

    Russia is often described as a complex, unpredictable, and distinct culture that poses substantial challenges for sojourners. Many sojourners perceive Russian nationals as both hard-working and lethargic, approachable and inaccessible, or trusting and distrusting. These contrasts and complexities make it challenging for sojourners to adjust and function effectively. This paper provides some resources for cross-cultural training professionals working with sojourners going to Russia by shedding light on some important aspects of the Russian culture. We discuss the culture-general and culture-specific aspects relevant for sojourners in Russia and discuss how culture-general theories can explain some of the specific aspects of the Russian culture. We discuss implications for cross-cultural trainers preparing sojourners for Russia and provide recommendations for training design.

  • 22 - The politics of culture, 1945–2000

  • from Part II - Russia and the Soviet Union: Themes and Trends
  • Edited by Ronald Grigor Suny
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    02 November 2006, pp 605-635

  • Summary

    This chapter tells a convoluted story, or rather stories, spanning five decades and a spectrum of leadership ranging from Joseph Stalin's absolute dictatorship to Valentin Rasputin's technocracy. It depicts a society where politics and culture have until quite recently been intimately, indeed inextricably, intertwined, and where the imperatives of one frequently conflicted with the essence of the other. Even in today's post-Soviet Russia, where artists grope to find a secure footing in the rubble of the old cultural landscape, the nexus of politics and culture has not entirely disappeared. Leonid Brezhnev's reign curtailed much of the dynamism characteristic of the Thaw, whose suppressed energies re-emerged during Gorbachev's five years of perestroika and glasnost'. Throughout the Thaw, and well into the Brezhnev years, the Second World War became a touchstone of Soviet culture, in part because it represented the single unifying experience of a history otherwise bloody with political and ideological divisions.

  • 7 - Stalinism, 1928–1940

  • from Part I - Russia and the Soviet Union: The Story through Time
  • Edited by Ronald Grigor Suny
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    02 November 2006, pp 192-216

  • Summary

    In the late 1920s, the ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, launched a series of 'socialist offensives', a revolution that transformed the country. By the time of Joseph Stalin's death in March 1953, the USSR had become an industrial, military and nuclear giant. This chapter describes the state and society that developed out of Stalin's revolution. The drive for socialist industrialisation was impressive, but it was only one aspect of Stalin's revolution, one front of the socialist offensive. The second major front of the socialist offensive was played out in the countryside in the campaigns to collectivise agriculture. Destruction of the private farm economy went hand in glove with a general assault on private trade and other market remnants of new economic policy (NEP). Stalinism grew out of a unique combination of circumstances - a weak governing state, an increasingly hostile international context and a series of unforeseen crises, both domestic and external.

  • 5 - Russian culture: 1801–1917

  • from Part II - Culture, Ideas, Identities
  • Edited by Dominic Lieven, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 August 2006, pp 92-115

  • Summary

    To gain a sense of the achievements of Russian culture during this period, it is instructive to compare the comments made on the subject by Petr Chaadaev in a 'Philosophical Letter'. The fate of Chaadaev's 'Philosophical Letter', meanwhile, exemplifies the cultural atmosphere under Nicholas I as a whole. During Alexander II's reign Russian culture flourished. Alexander III reacted to the violent circumstances of his father's death by introducing repressive measures which actually attempted to undo some of the 1860s reforms, and by increasing censorship. Tchaikovsky also made a serious contribution to the renewal of Russian church music. The main symphony concert series, which had been inaugurated by the Russian Musical Society in 1859, had become increasingly reliant on the classical repertoire by the 1880s and was beginning to lack freshness. Two new ventures which were to have a lasting impact on Russian cultural life were launched in 1898, one in Moscow and the other in St Petersburg.

  • 23 - Peter the Great and the Northern War

  • from Part VI - Foreign Policy and the Armed Forces
  • Edited by Dominic Lieven, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 August 2006, pp 487-503

  • Summary

    From the end of the fifteenth century to Peter's time the main preoccupation of Russian foreign policy was the competition with Poland-Lithuania for territory and power on the East European plain. Peter's new war was also a surprise because Russian foreign policy after 1667 had been preoccupied with the Ottoman Empire and its Crimean vassal. In Peter's time, from the 1670s to 1719, the population grew from some 11 million to about 15.5 million. Russia's foreign trade grew throughout the century, primarily through Archangel. The final war of Peter's life was in a totally different direction, and seems to have been entirely commercial in inspiration. Peter's dreams and Russia's new position demanded not only a better army and navy, it demanded a new diplomatic corps. Russian culture changed rapidly after about 1650, with knowledge of Polish and Latin spreading among the elite and much geographic knowledge in translation as well.

  • 7 - Russia and the legacy of 1812

  • from Part II - Culture, Ideas, Identities
  • Edited by Dominic Lieven, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 August 2006, pp 145-162

  • Summary

    Russia stood at a historical crossroads when it experienced the trauma of the 1812 Napoleonic invasion. The liberal nationalist reading of the war contains an element of historical truth and is itself a part of history thanks to its place in Russian society's cultural consciousness. Cultural Europeanisation had given the elite an identity separate from everyone else's; as Richard Wortman has argued, 'by displaying themselves as foreigners, or like foreigners, Russian monarchs and their servitors affirmed the permanence and inevitability of their separation from the population they ruled'. This chapter discusses the challenges Russia faced on the eve of the war; the war's contribution to a xenophobic and reactionary nationalism, a reflexive social conservatism, and what might be called 'the paranoid style in Russian politics'. Russia was at war almost continually from the 1790s to 1814. These wars entailed a vast mobilisation of people and created new role models for society.

  • 4 - Russian culture in the eighteenth century

  • from Part II - Culture, Ideas, Identities
  • Edited by Dominic Lieven, London School of Economics and Political Science
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Russia
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    17 August 2006, pp 65-91

  • Summary

    Several edicts issued within a few weeks of each other offer a foretaste of the trajectory of Russian culture in the eighteenth century. With this in mind and with a focus on high culture, this chapter examines developments in architecture, the figurative arts, theatre, music and literature from the late seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth. Elite Russian culture at the beginning of the eighteenth century developed in a peculiar hot-house environment, show-cased in St Petersburg. The new capital's creator, Peter I, summoned foreign architects to construct palaces, and foreign artists to fill them with pictures. Historians once neglected the period between Peter I's death and the accession to the throne of his self-styled 'spiritual daughter' Catherine II. The Academy of Arts would remain the virtually unchallenged centre and arbiter of the figurative arts in Russia until the middle of the nineteenth century. Theatre made a substantial contribution to the 'civilising' mission of the Russian Enlightenment.