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4 results

  • 23 - Repression and power

  • from PART VI - THE CHALLENGES TO A CHRISTIAN SOCIETY
  • Edited by Miri Rubin, Queen Mary University of London, Walter Simons, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Christianity
    Published online:
    28 March 2010
    Print publication:
    02 July 2009, pp 353-371

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the events around Mainz and popular image of medieval repression. Indiscriminate persecution was to be replaced by the methodical application of law. Protestant historians, from the sixteenth century onward, sought roots for their reforms in the heresies of earlier periods, and hence associated their contemporary struggles with past persecution, depicting an all-powerful and highly repressive Catholic Church. Elements of this viewpoint continued to inform the foundational histories of medieval repression written in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At the Third Lateran Council various named heretical groups were anathematised, using measures designed to enlist the aid of local secular powers against them. The Franciscan preacher Bernard Delicieux famously led a popular and legal revolt against inquisition in southern France. In various ways, the mechanisms of repression were prey to the vicissitudes of local politics and attitudes.

  • 6 - The Albigensian Crusade and heresy

  • from Part II - The Church in the Thirteenth Century
  • David Abulafia, University of Cambridge
  • Book:
    The New Cambridge Medieval History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    21 October 1999, pp 164-181

  • Summary

    When Raymond learned of Peter of Castelnau's murder, Innocent launched a crusade against Toulouse, offering participants the same indulgence as those who went to the Holy Land. Although this war became known as the Albigensian Crusade, because Albi had been the first centre of Catharism in southern France, it was not designed to deal directly with heresy. Raymond of Toulouse had meanwhile sought a reconciliation with the pope, and undertook to carry out Innocent's wishes and to make reparations to the Church. The independence of Toulouse jeopardised the work of the crusade, for Cathar perfecti and faidit knights from the Trencavel lands sought asylum there and waited for a favourable opportunity to return to their homes. The Cathars were at first resilient in the face of persecution. After the Peace of Paris, the perfecti had resumed lay dress and their communities had dispersed.

  • CHAPTER XXXVII - THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN

  • Edited by I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    18 September 1975, pp 713-772

  • Summary

    This chapter presents the history of the following countries and regions in the Western Mediterranean during the period 1380-1000 BC: Italy, Sicily, Malta, Sardinia, Corsica, Southern France, Spain, Portugal, and North Africa. The first Neolithic societies with a mixed farming economy have so far been found in quantity only in the south-east and in Liguria, though traces are beginning to turn up in Calabria also. At the end of the fifths millennium BC, South France was occupied by small semi-nomadic groups of hunters and fishers and collectors technically known as Mesolithic people. The cardial wares are restricted in distribution in South France to the littoral and extend a short way up the Rhone valley. In the North African region, we find no great flourishing of Late Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures, nothing to compare with Los Millares and El Argar, with the Nuraghic civilization of Sardinia and the Torrean civilization of Corsica.