This chapter reconsiders midcentury Mexican literary history through the lens of the concept of bearing witness (“dar testimonio”). Taking speeches by Rosario Castellanos and Miguel Angel Asturias as its starting point, the chapter argues that the idea of bearing witness and expressing solidarity with marginalized groups shaped Latin American and specifically Mexican literature in the period 1930-80. Looking again at the Mexican canon in this period from this fresh perspective, an overlooked tradition of women authors emerges. These women write out of solidarity with and to bear witness to the experiences and sufferings of less privileged others. Women authors are often grouped together on the basis of their gender. Yet, this chapter identifies alternative connections between better-known Mexican women authors such as Elena Poniatowska, Nellie Campobello, and Rosario Castellanos and others who are less often the focus of critical attention, including Benita Galeana, Carlota O’Neill, Ascensión Hernández de León-Portilla, and Elvira Vargas. Focusing on the act of bearing witness brings to the fore the contributions of women authors and the connections between them, as well as encouraging us to consider alternative ways of writing literary history based on new categories and periodizations.

This chapter examines the tensions between the supporters of two modes of writing Latin America – magical realism and testimonial writing – under the lens of the figures of the falcon and the tortoise, a simile employed by one of Cuba’s first and most prominent theorists of testimonio, Miguel Barnet. It explores how the hybrid mode of testimonio was conceptualized in the first two decades of the 1959 Cuban Revolution and, more generally, in Latin America, and how these concepts presented a challenge to the literary establishment in Latin America and beyond. Through examining the key positioning of Cuban testimonio in the first two decades of the Cuban Revolution, the chapter argues that the role assigned to testimonio in these early conceptual formulations shared many commonalities with the aims of magical realism, but also some important differences based on positionality and power. As such, the schism of 1971 represented not only a political fracture between Cuba and some Latin American nations but also a tipping point, or moment of transition, in terms of Latin American literatures’ potential in the world.

This chapter reconsiders midcentury Mexican literary history through the lens of the concept of bearing witness (“dar testimonio”). Taking speeches by Rosario Castellanos and Miguel Angel Asturias as its starting point, the chapter argues that the idea of bearing witness and expressing solidarity with marginalized groups shaped Latin American and specifically Mexican literature in the period 1930-80. Looking again at the Mexican canon in this period from this fresh perspective, an overlooked tradition of women authors emerges. These women write out of solidarity with and to bear witness to the experiences and sufferings of less privileged others. Women authors are often grouped together on the basis of their gender. Yet, this chapter identifies alternative connections between better-known Mexican women authors such as Elena Poniatowska, Nellie Campobello, and Rosario Castellanos and others who are less often the focus of critical attention, including Benita Galeana, Carlota O’Neill, Ascensión Hernández de León-Portilla, and Elvira Vargas. Focusing on the act of bearing witness brings to the fore the contributions of women authors and the connections between them, as well as encouraging us to consider alternative ways of writing literary history based on new categories and periodizations.

This chapter examines the tensions between the supporters of two modes of writing Latin America – magical realism and testimonial writing – under the lens of the figures of the falcon and the tortoise, a simile employed by one of Cuba’s first and most prominent theorists of testimonio, Miguel Barnet. It explores how the hybrid mode of testimonio was conceptualized in the first two decades of the 1959 Cuban Revolution and, more generally, in Latin America, and how these concepts presented a challenge to the literary establishment in Latin America and beyond. Through examining the key positioning of Cuban testimonio in the first two decades of the Cuban Revolution, the chapter argues that the role assigned to testimonio in these early conceptual formulations shared many commonalities with the aims of magical realism, but also some important differences based on positionality and power. As such, the schism of 1971 represented not only a political fracture between Cuba and some Latin American nations but also a tipping point, or moment of transition, in terms of Latin American literatures’ potential in the world.