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3 results

  • Decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise: a surrogate marker of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in patients with atrial septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension

  • Srinivas Laksmivenkateshiah, Anil K. Singhi, Balu Vaidyanathan, Edwin Francis, Sundaram R. Karimassery, Raman K. Kumar
  • Journal:
    Cardiology in the Young / Volume 21 / Issue 3 / June 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 January 2011, pp. 292-298
  • Objectives

    To examine the utility of decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise as a marker of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension.

    Methods

    Treadmill exercise was performed in 18 patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. Arterial blood gas samples were obtained before and after peak exercise. A decline in the arterial pressure of oxygen of more than 10 millimetres of mercury after exercise was considered significant based on preliminary tests conducted on the controls. Cardiac catheterisation was performed in all patients and haemodynamic data sets were obtained on room air, oxygen, and a mixture of oxygen and nitric oxide (30–40 parts per million).

    Results

    There were 10 patients who had more than a 10 millimetres of mercury drop in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise and who had a basal pulmonary vascular resistance index of more than 7 Wood units per square metre. Out of eight patients who had less than a 10 millimetres of mercury drop in arterial partial pressure of oxygen after exercise, seven had a basal pulmonary vascular resistance index of less than 7 Wood units per square metre, p equals 0.0001. A decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen of more than 10 millimetres of mercury predicted a basal pulmonary vascular resistance index of more than 7 Wood units per square metre with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90%.

    Conclusions

    A decline in arterial partial pressure of oxygen following exercise appears to predict a high pulmonary vascular resistance index in patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension. This test is a useful non-invasive marker of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease in this subset.

  • Chapter 9 - Facemasks and supraglottic airway devices

  • from Section 2 - Clinical
  • Edited by Ian Calder, Adrian Pearce
  • Book:
    Core Topics in Airway Management
    Published online:
    10 January 2011
    Print publication:
    16 December 2010, pp 73-90

  • Summary

    Hypoxaemic hypoxia (airway obstruction) is more damaging to cells than anaemic or stagnant hypoxia. In order to fully understand the classification of hypoxia, it is useful to consider the example of carbon monoxide poisoning. It is known that hypoxaemic hypoxia is of particular importance in the development of cellular hypoxia and it goes without saying that, in the context of the difficult airway, the principal cause of hypoxaemia is airway obstruction. It is important to understand the mechanisms by which hypoxaemia develops, and the factors which determine the rate of this process. Causes of hypoxaemia occurring during anaesthesia can be divided into the following three categories: problems with O2 supply, problems with O2 delivery from lips to lung, and problems with O2 transfer from lung to blood. Pre-oxygenation aims to increase body O2 stores to their maximum, so that periods of apnoea are tolerated for longer before critical desaturation occurs.