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4 results

  • 8 - Is Language Aptitude Immune to Experience?

  • from Part II - Aptitude Testing of Diverse Groups
  • Edited by Zhisheng (Edward) Wen, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Peter Skehan, Institute of Education, University of London, Richard L. Sparks, Mount St Joseph University
  • Book:
    Language Aptitude Theory and Practice
    Published online:
    27 May 2023
    Print publication:
    27 April 2023, pp 176-207

  • Summary

    In this contribution, we explore the question of whether there is reason to maintain the traditional view of language aptitude as a relatively fixed trait that is resistant to experience, or if it should instead be seen as a rather flexible and acquirable skill. Both bilingualism and visual loss have been reported to have enhancing effects on language-related as well as non-linguistic cognition, but few studies have focused on their effects on language aptitude specifically, especially in the case of blindness. In a study of 80 blind and sighted L1 and L2 speakers of Swedish, we compare the relative experiential effects on the phonological aptitude of (1) having learned an L2 and having been a long-term functional and fluent bilingual in adulthood with (2) having lived with total visual deprivation for a significant period of life. The chapter closes with a discussion on what it would mean for current views on the role of age of L2 acquisition and critical period(s) if the above-average language aptitude hitherto robustly associated with adult near-native L2 learning should turn out to be nothing but an effect of L2 learning itself.

  • 6 - Sign Language Phonological Processing

  • Diane Brentari, University of Chicago
  • Book:
    Sign Language Phonology
    Published online:
    04 November 2019
    Print publication:
    21 November 2019, pp 166-199

  • Summary

    Is phonological form perceived, understood, stored, and accessed in the same way and with the same neural mapping in signed and spoken languages? This is the complex and multifaceted question that the work on sign language processing has addressed since the beginning. The methodologies and technologies used to address this question have become more sophisticated over the last sixty years. Since the beginning, a psycholinguistic tradition was at the center of the work on sign languages, and we trace the trajectory of this work in this chapter.

  • Cochlear implants and positron emission tomography

  • R Aggarwal, K M J Green
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 126 / Issue 12 / December 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 October 2012, pp. 1200-1203
    Print publication:
    December 2012
  • Objective:

    This review aimed to summarise present knowledge surrounding cochlear implants and neuroplasticity using positron emission tomography.

    Overview:

    Cochlear implants are an established device for severe sensorineural hearing loss. However, the outcomes following a cochlear implant are variable and unpredictable. Furthermore, despite increasing numbers of implantations taking place, there are still uncertainties regarding how individuals learn to process speech using an implant. Functional neuroimaging studies using techniques such as positron emission tomography provide an insight into the cortical changes that take place in patients with cochlear implants.

    Conclusion:

    Only when the underlying mechanisms responsible for speech processing in implantees are understood can appropriate rehabilitation for those with poor speech perception be provided and outcomes improved.