Low- and middle-income countries contribute to the majority of dementia and mild cognitive impairment cases worldwide, yet cognitive tests for diagnosis are designed for Western cultures. Language and cultural discrepancies mean that translated tests are not always reliable or valid. We propose a model for culturally adapting cognitive tests, one step of which is to assess the quality of any translation and cultural adaptation undertaken. We developed the Manchester Translation Evaluation Checklist (MTEC) to act as a tool for quality assessment and demonstrated its use by assessing a popular cognitive test that had been adapted.

Assess quality of the translation and cultural adaptation of the Urdu Mini-Mental State Examination developed for a Pakistani population.

Two raters completed the MTEC for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Urdu and compared feedback. All authors were fluent in English and Urdu and familiar with Pakistani culture.

Raters had 78.5% agreement across the MTEC. The MMSE Urdu was appropriately translated and retained grammar and verb tense, but three questions had spelling errors. Across 20 MMSE questions, 5 required further cultural adaptation because the questions were not understandable in daily use, comfortable to answer, relevant to the language and culture, and relevant to original concepts.

The MTEC highlighted errors in the MMSE Urdu and demonstrated how this tool can be used to improve it. Future studies could employ the MTEC to improve existing translated measures of health assessment, particularly cognitive tests, and act as a quality check when developing new adaptations of tests and before psychometric validation.

Culture is used to refer to the aspects of thinking, feeling, and behaviour related to nation, heritage, place of birth and ethnicity. I look at how the cultural context of mental disorders and the cultural context of mental disorders and the challenges of addressing ethnic diversity in psychiatric services because there is an over-representation of black people detained under the MHA.

My aim is to understand what current data shows and use this to find a way forward which identify issues with culture and independently and challenge policies, services systems and address culture in clinical practice to provide culture complement care.

. research on rates of detention

The MHA acts tells us POC are 4 times more likely to be detained, arrested under 136 twice as much, and are 8 times as likely to be put on CTOS. 40% of black people will more likely asses care through the police system. (mind.org, Uk) This further shows us just how unrepresented POCs are when it comes to their diagnosis, treatment, and care, especially compared to their white counterparts.

In conclusion regulatory bodies and clinicians have to work towards understanding and identifying the reasons for these disparities and then implementing measures to address this. Such as putting people of color in higher positions in mental health positions in mental health positions to add diversities, also teaching the staff members and other people in high positions of power how much culture really impacts mental health, culturally appropriate advocacy, and improving research done.

No significant relationships.

To develop an educational video to reach elderly Latinos in order to improve understanding and encourage evaluation of cognitive changes by 1) using focus groups to identify dementia knowledge gaps, health communication preferences and trusted advisors for health concerns; 2) collaborating with elderly Latino community members to create a video; and 3) collecting survey data regarding community response to the video.

Grounded theory qualitative approach using focus groups; collaborative community based model to create the video and anonymous survey at community screenings.

Community senior centers in East Harlem, New York.

A team of low-income mono and bilingual elderly Latino community residents, researchers, clinicians, and a film professional.

Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts; three item survey.

A collaboratively produced video and initial assessment in 49 Latino elders that indicated the video had a positive effect on interest in obtaining a brief memory screening at outreach events (71%).

The project demonstrates the feasibility of this interdisciplinary partnership to create a culturally and linguistically sensitive video to promote service use concerning memory loss and cognitive evaluations among elderly Latinos. Initial survey results suggested a positive response and an increase in interest in memory screening.