Broadcasting is an inevitable operation in networks. This paper addresses the issues related to broadcasting such as node interference and latency delay in ad-hoc networks .These problems could be overcome by our proposed algorithm approximate directional routing protocol (ADRP) which is mainly inspired by the existing on-demand directional routing protocol (DRP). DRP is also similar to Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The use of directional antennas for broadcasting is gaining acceptance in ad-hoc networks. The key benefits of smart antennas are minimum energy consumption and bandwidth conservation. Although excess of literature is directed toward the use of smart antennas, a powerful protocol for reducing redundancy, end-to-end delay, and interference is being researched. One such protocol is ADRP. ADRP is a reactive protocol that combines the effect of DRP and approximation algorithm that finds optimal solution for broadcast problems. Omni-directional antennas are capable of wide angle signal transmission. Compared with omni-directional antennas, its successor directional antennas have come up with significant advantages of reducing packet redundancy and interference by gaining higher signal-to-noise ratio. The duo pack will considerably decrease end-to-end delay and node interference giving out significant performance benefits thereby substantially increasing throughput.

A 77-GHz–directional folded dipole antenna integrated in an embedded wafer level ball grid array package is presented. For the characterization of the antenna, a frequency multiplier is embedded, which scales the 4.25-GHz input signal up to 76.5 GHz and allows the use of a commercial signal source. The antenna structure is manufactured at the metallic layer, in the fan-out area of the package, and is directly connected to the monolithically integrated transceiver. The gain of the antenna is about 7 dBi, measured over a large bandwidth of about 8 GHz. The combination of the frequency multiplier with a 77-GHz transceiver and the on-package antenna is a promising approach for a system-in-package to future radar modules for automotive radar applications. Such a module avoids 77-GHz transitions to the printed circuit board and hence simplifies the design and manufacturing of the radar sensor significantly.