Les changements climatiques occupent une place centrale en gouvernance mondiale de l'environnement. Vu l'envergure des défis à résoudre, la plus récente Conférence des Parties (CdP) de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC), la CdP-27, faisait face à de grandes attentes. Ce court article offre un bilan critique de la CdP-27. L'article présente une synthèse des résultats de cette CdP en étudiant quatre volets principaux, soit l'atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), l'augmentation du financement climatique, l'adaptation aux changements climatiques et les pertes et préjudices. Il dresse ainsi un portait des résultats de la CdP-27 au regard des attentes qui avaient été établies au préalable par les parties prenantes. L'article se conclut par une analyse prospective des principaux enjeux à suivre d'ici la CdP-28 et au-delà. Il permet ainsi de faire le point sur les plus récents développements, d’éclairer les avancées à venir et de contribuer aux discussions sur la gouvernance mondiale du climat.

Growing demand for beds in government-subsidized long-term care (LTC) homes in Ontario is causing long waitlists, which must be absorbed by other residential alternatives, including unsubsidized retirement homes. This study compares Ontario’s LTC homes and retirement homes for care services provided, funding regimes, and implications of differential funding for seniors. Descriptive data for both types of homes were collected from public and proprietary sources regarding service offerings, availability, costs, and funding. Overlaps exist in the services of both LTC and retirement homes, particularly at higher levels of care. Although both sectors charge residents for accommodation, most care costs in LTC homes are publicly funded, whereas residents in retirement homes generally cover these expenses personally. Given waitlists in Ontario’s LTC homes, many seniors must find residential care elsewhere, including in retirement homes. Several policy alternatives exist that may serve to improve equity of access to seniors’ residential care.

The aging population and the epidemic of chronic diseases requires an accompanying finance reform of long-term care that will become increasingly dominant. Many countries have faced this situation and have set up a separate public funding for such care on the basis of a universal insurance covering both home care and institutions. Canada and Quebec must adopt such autonomy insurance and create a separate fund financed partly by a more judicious use of current budgets and tax credits, and also by a significant investment in home care. An autonomy support benefit could be allocated in kind to fund public services and by contract to pay for services delivered by private, voluntary, and social economy agencies. This benefit would be established following a standardized assessment of functional autonomy achieved by the case manager who will manage the services and control their quality.

Although Canadian Medicare gives the population “reasonable” access” to all “medically necessary” physician and hospital services, long-term care is not formally subject to those conditions. In Ontario, long-term care involves a “patchwork quilt” of government, charitable, for-profit, and personally-provided services; an ongoing consultation has been under way in an attempt to rationalize service financing and provision. This paper reviews the series of policy proposals and the accompanying public consultation processes. It concludes that the emphasis on “community involvement” without a clear definition of “community” or the goals of participation has paradoxically increased the “scope of conflict,” increased frustration among stakeholders, and made policy action more difficult.

The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) has progressed from a vision initiated by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Institute of Aging in 2001 to a federally funded national research platform in 2008. The development of the CLSA protocol was enhanced through a series of international peer reviews, a multisectorial Steering Committee, and a CIHR Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues committee; each was essential to the excellence of the science and to making the CLSA relevant to multiple sectors. The CLSA research team, led by three co-principal investigators (Kirkland, Raina, and Wolfson), has developed a unique protocol focusing on aging from cell to society, designed to follow 50,000 people aged 45 to 85, for 20 years. A strategic partnership with Statistics Canada has been crucial to the development and launch of the CLSA. The CLSA will contribute to our understanding of transitions and trajectories within an aging population, and will differ from longitudinal studies of aging worldwide through the breadth of its scope, the early age of recruitment into the study (age 45), the ethno-cultural diversity of Canada’s population, and the potential to link collected data to health administrative data at the provincial level. The CIHR is a novel longitudinal population-based study that will be an unprecedented research resource underpinning multidisciplinary research and evidence-based decision making in aging in Canada.

The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging has progressed from a vision initiated by the CIHR Institute of Aging in 2001 to a federally funded national research platform in 2008. The development of the CLSA protocol was enhanced through a series of international peer reviews, a multisectorial Steering Committee, and a CIHR Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues committee; each was essential to the excellence of the science and to making the CLSA relevant to multiple sectors. The CLSA research team, led by three co-principal investigators (Kirkland, Raina, and Wolfson), has developed a unique protocol focusing on aging from cell to society, designed to follow 50,000 people aged 45 to 85, for 20 years. A strategic partnership with Statistics Canada has been crucial to the development and launch of the CLSA. The CLSA will contribute to our understanding of transitions and trajectories within an aging population, and will differ from longitudinal studies of aging worldwide through the breadth of its scope, the early age of recruitment into the study (age 45), the ethno-cultural diversity of Canada’s population, and the potential to link collected data to health administrative data at the provincial level. The CIHR is a novel longitudinal population-based study that will be an unprecedented research resource underpinning multidisciplinary research and evidence-based decision making in aging in Canada.

In the years prior to independence, farmers had access to the international market through the production of export crops which at that time received considerable input from research. Access to export crops has dwindled, support for research by national governments is disappointing, human resource development is inadequate, donor funding is uncoordinated, and the food crisis has taken on political dimensions. The assumption that direct importation of western technology can solve the problems of Africa is no longer valid in the face of several failures. The challenge to national agricultural research systems and the problems associated with the generation or adapting of farmer-oriented, location-specific technologies for sustaining agricultural production are discussed. Examples are drawn from India and an agenda for action, involving national governments, the international agricultural research centres and donors, in resolving these problems is presented.