This chapter focuses on quantitative EEG processing, also known as EEG trend analysis. These types of algorithms process raw EEG data in a quantitative way, and display the data in more compressed forms that may be easier for the amateur EEG reader to interpret. Specific QEEG algorithms described in this chapter include amplitude integrated EEG, FFT spectrogram, rhythmicity spectrogram, asymmetry indices, and seizure detectors. Specific roles for QEEG covered include seizure detection and detection of focal cerebral ischemia.

The underlying proposition, that translation is a model or homologue of ecological action, involves the rejection of notions of preservation and conservation. For their own continuing health, ecosystems need to be conducted in the same spirit as a translational act. The chapter then turns to Uexküll’s concept of Umwelt and its apprpriateness to translational thinking; then to its legacy in biosemiotics. How, then, does translational language achieve that perlocutionary ability to re-immerse us in the environment? Through the cultivation of idiolect and alternity (Steiner), and of situatedness and presentness of the voice, particularly in articulation, paralanguage and rhythm, which envelope the verbal with the non-verbal and allow the human to slide towards the non-human. Equally language must be coaxed in the direction of the indexical, iconic and onomatopoeic, more flexibly understood; and language must be translated into forms and shapes unfamiliar to itself so that it can explore other models of psycho-perception. Arguments in the chapter are exemplified in translations of Hugo, Saint-John Perse, Heredia, Baudelaire and Hopkins.

Chapter 12: In the preceding chapter, we found that each square complex matrix A is similar to a direct sum of upper triangular unispectral matrices. We now show that A is similar to a direct sum of Jordan blocks (unispectral upper bidiagonal matrices with 1s in the superdiagonal) that is unique up to permutation of its direct summands.

Chapter 2 introduces a model Islamic constitution. Using this model constitution, it empirically illustrates the universe of constitutional Islamization, providing data on which countries and regions have adopted constitutional Islam and in what form. It also ranks these countries in an index according to their Islamicity and then observes how the incidence of all forms of Islam in a constitution correlates with demography, geography, colonialism, and human rights.

This chapter focuses on the power of words and images. It introduces basic concepts that are pivotal in verbal, visual, and multimodal communication. First, it discusses writing in the digital age and explores the media linguistic mindset that is required in rapidly changing digital environments. Furthermore, a set of sixteen key practices of focused writing and writing-by-the way in the newsroom and beyond are presented. The second part of the chapter covers theoretical concepts of visual communication by addressing different approaches to reading images. One pivotal approach is social semiotics – a grand theory that can be applied to all kinds of semiotic material used for communication. This approach is complemented with concepts from other semiotic traditions as well as rhetorical and critical theories about images and their effects on the users. In addition, certain questions related to multimodal communication and related key concepts are discussed. The chapter concludes with the main message that all forms of human communication are multimodal.

Yi-Tang Lin presents the historical process by which statistics became the language of global health for local and international health organizations. Drawing on archival material from three continents, this study investigates efforts by public health schools, philanthropic foundations, and international organizations to turn numbers into an international language for public health. Lin shows how these initiatives produced an international network of public health experts who, across various socioeconomic and political contexts, opted for different strategies when it came to setting global standards and translating local realities into numbers. Focusing on China and Taiwan between 1917 and 1960, Lin examines the reception, adaptation, and appropriation of international health statistics. She presents the dynamic interplay between numbers, experts, and policy-making in international health organizations and administrations in China and Taiwan. This title is also available as Open Access.

Chapter 4 is devoted to several fundamental results of Diophantine geometry such as Siegel's lemma (Lemma 4.1 and Proposition 4.3) and Roth's lemma (Theorem 4.20). Besides them, we also introduce Guass’s lemma, the Mahler measure, the height of a polynomial, Gelfond’s inequality, the index with respect to a weight, the Wronskian, the norm of an invertible sheaf, the height of a norm and the local Eisenstein theorem. We will use them in Chapter 5. Because our purpose is to give a proof of Faltings's theorem in not too many pages, we touch on only the essential results of Diophantine geometry.

This chapter provides an overview of risk assessments and how they are used to inform emergency operation plans. The embedded case study describes an example.

Prompted by an encounter with a photograph of Vivien Leigh as Titania in an exhibition, this final section reflects on the book’s argument, particularly its attention to the idea of a photograph as index, in spite of its insistence that all photographs are constructed.

The Introduction establishes the key theoretical approaches underpinning the book. C. S. Peirce’s taxonomy for signs as index, icon, or symbol offers a useful framework which I use as a helpful way to distinguish between different functions of Shakespearean photographs, and resist in arguing that all photographs operate across Peirce’s categories. The book’s reliance on Walter Benjamin’s work is also explained, particularly as it relates to the concept of ‘aura’, which I suggest has been used problematically in performance studies. The Introduction also explains my choice of case studies, and outlines the major scholars whose work the present book builds on, most notably the late Barbara Hodgdon.

GDP is the most influential indicator in the world. It is published all over the world and there is a powerful logistical infrastructure (the "GDP multinational") which involves national statistical offices, international institutes, policy researchers, academics, media and society. Yet GDP is not a good measure of sustainability or well-being and this is why hundreds of alternatives have been proposed in the last decades. This "Beyond-GDP cottage industry" is expanding all the time but there is no sign that it is going to threaten the dominance of GDP anytime soon. Replacing GDP by 2030 provides a strategy to overcome this situation by 2030 and Chapter 1 provides an outline of the arguments made in the book.

The history of Beyond-GDP is far more complex than the history of GDP because it is hard to define the boundaries of this field. Some fields have a long history: the measurement of Subjective Well-being (SWB) started just after the Second World War and Green Accounting emerged in the early 1970s. This chapter shows that there are basically four types of methodologies. Up to the early 1990s, the majority were green accounting or SWB indexes (conceptual indexes). After the publication of the Brundtland Report and subsequent Earth Summits, the other three types (composite indicators, and conceptual and non-conceptual indicator sets) also became popular. With the adoption of the SDGs in 2015, the situation became even more dynamic. The chapter shows that Beyond-GDP is a highly heterogeneous community without the powerful features of the GDP multinational. It is a community without a common language and is therefore incapable of communicating with each other or the rest of society. The only positive exception is the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA), which provides the accounting framework and indicators for environmental macroeconomics.