Bacidina mendax, described here as a new lichen species, appears to be common and widespread, at least in Central Europe. Analyses of the ITS rDNA region and the morphology of specimens showed an intraspecific variation in the new taxon. It differs from B. neosquamulosa in the lack of a subsquamulose thallus, and from B. caligans in its longer and only slightly curved to apically hooked conidia and lack of a granular (sorediate) thallus. Since ITS rDNA data support the inclusion of Bacidia pycnidiata Czarnota & Coppins in the genus Bacidina, a new combination is proposed.

We estimated phylogeny in the lichen-forming ascomycete family Pannariaceae. We specifically modelled spatial (across-site) heterogeneity in nucleotide frequencies, as models not incorporating this heterogeneity were found to be inadequate for our data. Model adequacy was measured here as the ability of the model to reconstruct nucleotide diversity per site in the original sequence data. A potential non-orthologue in the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of Degelia plumbea was observed. We propose a revised generic classification for the Pannariaceae, accepting 30 genera, based on our phylogeny, previously published phylogenies, as well as available morphological and chemical data. Four genera are established as new: Austroparmeliella (for the ‘Parmeliella’ lacerata group), Nebularia (for the ‘Parmeliella’ incrassata group), Nevesia (for ‘Fuscopannaria’ sampaiana), and Pectenia (for the ‘Degelia’ plumbea group). Two genera are reduced to synonymy, Moelleropsis (included in Fuscopannaria) and Santessoniella (non-monophyletic; type included in Psoroma). Lepidocollema, described as monotypic, is expanded to include 23 species, most of which have been treated in the ‘Parmeliella’ mariana group. Homothecium and Leightoniella, previously treated in the Collemataceae, are here referred to the Pannariaceae. We propose 41 new species-level combinations in the newly described and re-circumscribed genera mentioned above, as well as in Leciophysma and Psoroma.

Bacidina flavoleprosa is described as a new species from the Czech Republic. Its position within the genus is supported by phylogenetic inferences of ITS rDNA sequences from its holotype and many other representatives of Bacidia s. lat., including newly sequenced Bacidina sulphurella, B. adastra and B. neosquamulosa, as well as additional sequences of B. arnoldiana. ITS data also support the recent delimitation of B. arnoldiana and B. sulphurella based on the shape of conidia and ecological preferences.

Pyrgillus tibellii, a new lichen species, is described from India. It is characterized by mazaediate, perithecioid ascomata, an excipular margin with an orange reddish pruinose rim reacting K+ reddish violet, and large, 3-septate ascospores.

Schistophoron indicum, a new lichen species, is described from India. It is characterized by lirellate mazaediate ascomata and dark brown, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, bilocular to tetralocular-submuriform, smooth-walled, small ascospores.

A new lichen species, Waynea giraltiae van den Boom, is described from southern Portugal and Spain. It is characterized by a very fine tomentum on the squamulose thallus, fusiform, 3-septate ascospores, and strongly curved filiform conidia. It is the first species of the genus containing argopsin. The new species is compared with related Waynea species. Waynea cretica is recorded as new to the Iberian Peninsula.

The new corticolous lichen genus Krogia and species K. coralloidesare described from humid forest in Mauritius. The genus shows affinities with Phyllopsora, but differs in characters of the ascus, ascospores, and thallus anatomy. The ascal characters make its inclusion in the Bacidiaceae or Phyllopsoraceae problematic. The lichen contains boninic acid and an apparently related compound.