This chapter discusses the problems winter storms pose, and how they fit into the continuum from minor annoyance to major disaster. It explores what can be done to prepare for future events that threaten the welfare of those in their paths. Understanding the human impact of catastrophic events, so that society can be better prepared for future challenges, is the primary mission in the fields of emergency management and disaster medicine. Establishing an incident command structure, regardless of size, should bring together the resources officials need to determine the security and safety of affected areas, identify hazards to responders, and coordinate the support necessary to begin rescue and recovery efforts. Rapid assessments for identifying immediate challenges created by a winter storm and determining potential resources required to mount an effective response are necessary to avoid a dysfunctional approach.

Explosive events occur in many settings. They can have a variety of etiologies, which can be accidental or intentional. The effects of explosive events on local healthcare systems have been more frequently reported. Mechanisms of internal organ injury following blast exposure are multifactorial but stress and shear on biological tissues may result in irreversible work being applied. Some explosive events may necessitate additional considerations for local responders. Specialized teams with subject matter expertise and problem-specific training exist in many countries to assist local authorities and respond when requested. The rapid determination of infrastructure dysfunction and initial resource needs is critical to avoiding an ineffective response, and beginning the process of recovery from an explosive event. Security, public safety, protection of critical infrastructure, and preservation of medical capacity must be immediate considerations following an explosive event.