In any country, the development of open heart surgery programme parallels stable political climate, economic growth, good leadership, and prudent fiscal management. This is lacking in a country like Nigeria without a functional cardiac hospital.

To review and compare the various models being adopted towards establishing a sustainable open heart surgery programme in Nigeria.

For ethnic and cultural reasons, Nigeria is divided into six geopolitical regions. Each region has one or more Federal Teaching Hospitals including medical centres. The hospitals have trained cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists as well as other auxiliary staff. After attainment of democratic rule in 1999, individual hospitals have devised various models to establish sustainable open heart surgery programme. The number of hospitals in each region, the models devised, and the limitations including the outcome were studied and analysed.

Each geopolitical zone has about three to four centres, either public or private, trying to establish the programme. There are six different models. Each centre has been trying the different models since the year 2000. The oldest of the model is cardiac mission and the newest is employment of highly skilled retired expatriate consultant cardiac surgeon to help develop the local team. Inadequate funds, lack of governmental support, and brain drain syndrome have largely affected the programme.