In 2008, Tóth and Vető defined the self-repelling random walk with directed edges as a non-Markovian random walk on $\unicode{x2124}$: in this model, the probability that the walk moves from a point of $\unicode{x2124}$ to a given neighbor depends on the number of previous crossings of the directed edge from the initial point to the target, called the local time of the edge. Tóth and Vető found that this model exhibited very peculiar behavior, as the process formed by the local times of all the edges, evaluated at a stopping time of a certain type and suitably renormalized, converges to a deterministic process, instead of a random one as in similar models. In this work, we study the fluctuations of the local times process around its deterministic limit, about which nothing was previously known. We prove that these fluctuations converge in the Skorokhod $M_1$ topology, as well as in the uniform topology away from the discontinuities of the limit, but not in the most classical Skorokhod topology. We also prove the convergence of the fluctuations of the aforementioned stopping times.

We consider a model of branching Brownian motion in which the usual spatially homogeneous branching and catalytic branching at a single point are simultaneously present. We establish the almost sure growth rates of population in certain time-dependent regions and as a consequence the first-order asymptotic behaviour of the rightmost particle.