Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

4 results

  • Chapter 27 - Brain Death

  • from Section 3 - Specific Neurological Disorders in Emergency Medicine
  • Edited by Thomas P. Campbell, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Kevin M. Kelly, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh
  • Book:
    Handbook of Emergency Neurology
    Published online:
    10 January 2024
    Print publication:
    17 August 2023, pp 392-394

  • Summary

    The term “brain death” implies permanent absence of cerebral and brainstem functions. US law equates brain death with cardiopulmonary death, but specific criteria need to be met for diagnosis of brain death or death by neurologic criteria (DBNC). There are established prerequisite criteria to consider a patient for brain death that include: (1) a cause of CNS catastrophe deemed irreversible; (2) no confounding metabolic abnormality; (3) no drug intoxication or CNS depressants; (4) a normothermic state; and (5) a normotensive state. If these criteria are met, then the patient can be formally considered for DBNC.

  • 19 - Anaesthesia for major abdominal and urological surgery

    • By Paul Myles, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, Kate Leslie, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
  • Edited by Ann Møller, KAS Herlev, Copenhagen, Tom Pedersen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
  • Book:
    Evidence-based Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
    Published online:
    05 September 2009
    Print publication:
    09 October 2006, pp 223-246

  • Summary

    This chapter describes many evidence-based interventions relevant to anaesthesia for abdominal surgery. The two most common analgesic therapies after abdominal surgery are patient controlled analgesia (PCA) and epidural analgesia. It has been suggested that a strategy of targeting tissue oxygen delivery, so-called "optimisation" or "goal-directed" therapy, can improve postoperative outcome. Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery are particularly at risk of hypothermia, because of the potential for significant heat loss. There is substantial evidence in the literature that maintenance of normothermia during major abdominal surgery may lead to improved outcomes. Major abdominal surgery patients, in particular cancer patients, are at relatively high risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. There is a large amount of evidence derived from randomised trials and meta-analyses of trials in abdominal surgical practice to guide anaesthetic practice.

  • SECTION VIII - BRAIN DEATH

    • By Sid M. Shah, Assistant Clinical Professor Michigan State University; Faculty member of Sparrow/MSU Emergency Medicine Residency Program Lansing, Michigan, Kevin M. Kelly, Associate Professor of Neurology Drexel University College of Medicine
  • Edited by Sid M. Shah, Michigan State University, Kevin M. Kelly, Drexel University, Philadelphia
  • Book:
    Principles and Practice of Emergency Neurology
    Published online:
    06 August 2009
    Print publication:
    18 February 2003, pp -

  • Summary

    The brain death criteria include assessment of the following: normothermia; cause of brain death; unresponsiveness; absence of brainstem reflexes; and apnea. The presence of withdrawal reflexes, typically seen in the lower extremities, do not preclude the diagnosis of brain death given that withdrawal reflexes can be spinally mediated. The absence of brainstem reflexes includes pupillary responses, eye movements, and lower brainstem reflexes such as response to tracheal stimulation. Apnea testing is performed to demonstrate lack of respiratory effort, even in the presence of elevated pCO2 levels. When no respiratory effort is made during the apnea test and the other criteria have been met, the patient may be pronounced dead. The diagnosis of brain death is not without controversy. For instance, thermoregulation is regarded as a brainstem function; therefore, some argue that those patients who maintain their body temperature cannot be declared brain dead.