Radiocarbon (14C) analysis was performed on Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) tree rings from Koriyama, Fukushima prefecture. Our primary aim was to detect any 14C release from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident on 11 March 2011. We also completed and assessed the 14C level in Japanese tree rings for the period of 1990–2014 because of the lack of environmental 14C results in the Japanese island that time. For this reason, we used a trajectory model to investigate the air mass forward and backward trajectories at the area of the power plant and sampling site. The modeling data show that the air masses mainly moved to the Pacific Ocean, both during March 2011 and during the growing season (March–September). During the period 1990–2014 there was no significant 14C excess in any of the samples, but there was a detectable Suess effect in almost every tree ring sample. The average fossil contribution was 0.83 ± 0.01% and the calculated anthropogenic component ratio, the 14C excess varied between +0.5 and –1.6%. The Δ14C value decreased from 150.0‰ to 9.5‰ from 1990–2014, which follows the decline of the 14C bomb peak, in addition to any detectable Suess effect.

The nuclear reactor remote monitoring system of the federal state of Baden- Wuerttemberg(KFUe BW) is realized according to the renewed “recommendations for remote monitoring ofnuclear power plants” (BMU, 2005a). The spectrum of the system covers both, pursuit ofoperational procedures, and incidents or accidents. The KFUe BW provides a measurementnetwork and information system for operational parameters at the plant sites as well asradiological and meteorological measurements in their vicinity. For the Ministry, itpreferentially serves as an instrument of nuclear supervision. This paper gives a briefsurvey of the system architecture and concentrates on the role of the KFUe with respect tothe determination and evaluation of the radiological situation in the range of off-siteemergency management.

The unusually strong earthquake in Japan on 11 March 2011 and the following extremetsunami caused enormous damage in the buildings of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) situated on the Pacific coastline of Japan. The accident led to the release of alarge amount of radioactive material into the environment. According to the measurementsof the Radiological Monitoring and Data Acquisitions Network (RAMDAN) the radioactiveplume reached Hungary on 24 March 2011. The main volatile fission products –131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs radioisotopes – were measurable in aerosoland fallout samples in Hungary. Their activity concentration in air reached the maximumvalue in the last days of March and returned to the background level in the first half ofMay. As a consequence of respiration of contaminated air, a maximum of 1 Bq per capita of131I could be accumulated in the thyroid gland of the Hungarian population during thegiven period. The calculated upper limits of the committed effective dose from inhalationof 131I were 4 nSv and 10 nSv to the Hungarian adults and infants,respectively. These values are a hundred thousand times less than the annual radiationdose from natural sources to the Hungarian population. The radiation dose from radioactivecaesium isotopes originating from Fukushima was even less, around 1 nSv on average, toHungarian residents. No health deterioration can be expected from this radiationburden.

Cet article présente une analyse détaillée de la populationautour des sites nucléaires français. Il aborde ensuite la problématiquede l’évacuation massive de populations en cas d’accident, puis donneun aperçu des recherches en cours au laboratoire d’analyse économiquedes risques nucléaires de l’IRSN sur le coût du risque d’accident nucléaire,en particulier celui des territoires contaminés.

Cet article présente le régime d’indemnisation des dommages en cas d’accident nucléaire.Ce régime, dit de responsabilité civile nucléaire (RCN), déroge sur plusieurs points auxrègles de droit commun de la responsabilité civile, dans le but de fournir rapidement unecompensation adéquate et équitable aux victimes de dommages causés par un accidentnucléaire. Le régime français de RCN résulte de deux conventions internationalesauxquelles la France a adhéré (Convention de Paris de 1960 et Convention de Bruxelles de1963) ainsi que de la loi du 30 octobre 1968 relative à la responsabilité civile dans ledomaine de l’énergie nucléaire. Ces textes définissent les conditions dans lesquelles laresponsabilité des exploitants nucléaires peut être engagée en cas d’accident nucléaire.Les protocoles de révision des Conventions de Paris et de Bruxelles de 2004, non encoreentrés en vigueur, sont également présentés. Ils permettent d’assurer que des moyensaccrus de réparation soient disponibles pour indemniser un plus grand nombre de victimesd’accidents nucléaires.