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12 results

  • USE of In-Cage Shelters by Laboratory Rats

  • P Townsend
  • Journal:
    Animal Welfare / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / May 1997
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    11 January 2023, pp. 95-103
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  • The effect of providing a shelter to single-housed rats was measured in terms of the preference shown for a cage containing a shelter compared with a barren cage, the range of behaviours performed and the apparent fearfulness of the animals. All animals showed a strong preference for cages containing a shelter and rats housed in this environment showed increased exploratory behaviour and were apparently less fearful, based on their willingness to leave the home-cage. It would seem appropriate to provide enclosed shelters within the cages of laboratory rats as a way of improving their environment.

  • 2 - Meanings of Welfare

  • Nora Derbal
  • Book:
    Charity in Saudi Arabia
    Published online:
    14 July 2022
    Print publication:
    28 July 2022, pp 39-120

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses how Saudi women have actively negotiated gender boundaries and expanded their scope through the daily practice of charity work and the networks established among fellow social workers and volunteers. Founded in 1961–2 as a women-only initiative, the First Women’s Welfare Association in Jeddah counts among the oldest extant welfare associations in the kingdom enlisted with the Ministry of Social Affairs. The longue-durée perspective adopted in the chapter pays attention to the changing aspirations of different generations involved with the charity organization.

    Although the First Women’s Welfare Association is often considered a "traditional charity" with an "Islamic aid" approach, its focus on single women, female-headed households, and the feminization of poverty transgresses traditional norms in multiple ways. The chapter discusses the charity’s use of donations, zakat and ṣadaqa, food banks, endowments, and shelters for single women and female-headed households. By situating practices of almsgiving within the wider legal and political framework of the zakat tax imposed by the Saudi state, as well as within the context of further legislation targeting money laundering and terrorist financing, the research highlights that religious ideals are subject to interpretation and object to various authoritative claims.

  • 7 - Gender and Release from Imprisonment

  • from Part II - Prosecution and Punishment
  • Edited by Manon van der Heijden, Universiteit Leiden, Marion Pluskota, Universiteit Leiden, Sanne Muurling, Universiteit Leiden
  • Book:
    Women's Criminality in Europe, 1600–1914
    Published online:
    10 January 2020
    Print publication:
    30 January 2020, pp 134-147

  • Summary

    This chapter draws on research into the lives and prison experiences of around 650 male and female convicts who were released on licence (an early form of parole) from sentences of long-term imprisonment in England in the mid- to late nineteenth century. While both men and women were overwhelmingly committed to the convict system for larceny, their treatment differed significantly. The vast majority of convicts were released early on licence from their prison terms, even those committing very serious offences. However, female offenders were released slightly earlier and under different conditions than men. Having offended against their gender as well as society, more moral rehabilitation was deemed necessary for deviant women than for men, leading to requirements such as entering refuges or shelters. Female convicts’ internment in these institutions after being granted a licence reveals the impact of gender expectations on female prisoners in England.

  • Nutrition for homeless populations: shelters and soup kitchens as opportunities for intervention

  • Katherine A Koh, Monica Bharel, David C Henderson
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 19 / Issue 7 / May 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 October 2015, pp. 1312-1314
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  • Nutrition is a daily challenge for the homeless population in America. Homeless individuals suffer from a high prevalence of diseases related to poor diet, yet there has been little public health effort to improve nutrition in this population. Shelters and soup kitchens may have an untapped potential to impact food access, choice and quality. We offer ideas for intervention and lessons learned from ten shelters and soup kitchens around Greater Boston, MA, USA. By advancing food quality, education and policies in shelters and soup kitchens, the homeless population can be given an opportunity to restore its nutrition and health.

  • Health Aspects of Disaster Preparedness and Response Panel Session 2: Seismic Risks including Tsunamis

  • Southeast Asia Regional Office/World Health Organization
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 21 / Issue S3 / October 2006
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. s82-s86
    Print publication:
    October 2006

  • This Panel Session consisted of five country reports (India, Indonesia, Maldives, Thailand, andNepal) and the common issues identified during the Panel discussions relative to seismic events in the Southeast Asia Region. Important issues identified included the needs for: (1) a legal framework upon which to base preparedness and response; (2) coordination between the many organizations involved; (3) early warning systems within and between countries; (4) command and control; (5) access to resources including logistics; (6) strengthening the health infrastructure; (7) professionalizing the field of disaster medicine and management; (8) management of communications and information; (9) management of dead bodies; and (10) mental health of the survivors and health workers.

  • Health Conditions and Risk Factors of Sheltered Persons Displaced by Hurricane Katrina

  • Joshua R. Vest, Adolfo M. Valadez
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / April 2006
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 55-58
    Print publication:
    April 2006
  • Introduction:

    During disasters, public health departments assume the role of maintaining the health of displaced persons. Displaced persons arrive with acute and chronic conditions as well as other risk factors. Descriptions of these conditions may aid future shelter planning efforts.

    Methods:

    Approximately 4,000 individuals from New Orleans, displaced by Hurricane Katrina, were sheltered in Austin, Texas. A stratified random sample of the population was selected using individual beds as the primary sampling unit. Adults were interviewed about their acute symptoms, chronic diseases, and other risk factors.

    Results:

    The results indicate a substantial proportion of adults arrived with some symptoms of acute illness (49.8%). A majority of the adults reported living with a chronic condition (59.0%), and the prevalence of some chronic conditions was higher than that of the general population. Also, several factors that could complicate service delivery were prevalent.

    Discussion:

    Acute illnesses present transmission risks within the shelter. Furthermore, chronic diseases must be managed and may complicate care of acute illnesses. Risks like activity limitation or substance abuse may complicate shelter operations. Defining the potential scope of the illness burden may be used to help public health departments better plan the services they must deliver to displaced populations.

  • Preparedness for NBC Disaster in Norway

  • Jan Karlsen
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 17 / Issue S1 / March 2002
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 February 2017, p. S7
    Print publication:
    March 2002
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  • Ganbaro Ya!

  • Kristin Hanson
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 14 / Issue 3 / September 1999
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2012, pp. 43-45
    Print publication:
    September 1999

  • “Ganbaro ya!” was a phrase of encouragement that could be heard, seen, and felt all over Kobe, Japan following the devastating 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake. Having the collective meaning of “It's hard, but keep trying! Together we'll succeed! Go! Go! Go!” Ganbaro ya became the mantra of the citizens of Kobe as they struggled to rebuild their lives and community.