In this chapter, we continue to develop the theories on functional pairs and uniform rational polytopes. We show that there is a uniform perturbation for Iitaka dimensions of pseudo-effective lc pairs of fixed dimension with descending chain condition coefficients assuming the non-vanishing conjecture. We also show the existence of uniform rational polytopes for Iitaka dimensions of pseudo-effective lc pairs assuming the non-vanishing conjecture. In [5], we show its applications to the study on effective Iitaka fibrations.

This chapter applies principles outlined in previous chapters, especially Chapter 4 Videogame Talk, to understand group written interaction between Ethan Gamer and his fans, as visible on a public YouTube Minecraft gaming session. Unlike games such as FIFA where game objectives and points scoring dominate, Minecraft involves building digital environments, similar to Lego. The game software facilitates both written and spoken talk for the collaborative achievement of game activities, though survival and progression through levels are objectives in most Minecraft contexts. Analysis indicates that affiliative social talk, including reciprocal greetings, positive evaluations and smiley emoticons deployed by game participants promote a supportive gaming environment while also modeling prosocial affiliative gaming behaviours. Teamwork and problem-solving behaviours which scaffold game participants in their game play are also enacted frequently and reciprocally in text chat. These include requests or offers of assistance and advice giving related to the game-in-progress, including coordination of defensive actions as a result of a threat, which may require collaborative team work to progress the game. Both Ethan Gamer’s voice interaction and the group chat interactions promote a supportive prosocial environment which can be shared with all participants, including YouTube viewers.

Much of what has occurred within the book up to Chapter 14 has been from the point of view of agriculture – where did the plants come from, how were they grown, what systems did this intertwine with? Chapter 14 turns these questions around and asks why farmers were growing these crops. What was the end goal? Foodways theory has begun to play a big role in Indus archaeobotany and in this chapter, the basic reason for growing (many of the) plants – food – is considered, and how taste and choices influenced diversity across the region is also examined.

The Conclusion revisits the takeaway messages of the book’s research strategy and empirical inquiry. Lawyering Imperial Encounters tells the story of the relentless hangover of the past in the present. Law remains the vernacular of Africa’s uneven and unequal relationship with the world economy precisely because it is imprinted by the past Scrambles into the continent. Foremost, law’s position as the cutting edge of Africa’s relationship with capitalism reflects legal imperialism as a core variable in the deployment of power. This is illustrated by the conversion of Hong Kong as a gateway for the expansion of Chinese business interests abroad, which builds, itself, on the globalisation of the Wall Street model of the corporate law firm.

On August 22, 2017, Judge Tashima issued a blistering ruling finding that state representatives created the law and banned MAS based upon racial animus and partisan political gain in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendment rights of Mexican American students in TUSD. There was a massive local and national uproar, celebrating the end of this racist law. Though different Tucson factions claimed shared victory due to the ruling, persistent community divisions remained. This chapter details the post-ruling celebrations, the continued community divisions, a summary of where the key actors in this drama ended up, the current state of MAS in TUSD, and the national Ethnic Studies renaissance that the Tucson struggle spawned. Of equal importance, this chapter details how the lessons of the MAS controversy can help inform the work of those challenging Critical Race Theory bans throughout the country.

Having established what Indus peoples had and where it came from, it is incumbent on us to ask what they were actually doing with it. Chapter 11 takes a more theoretical turn in the book by looking at the questions Indus scholars have asked of the data, starting with how agriculture has been used to think about labour organization and with that social organization at large.

English allows participial forms of verbs to modify nouns, as in the following example: The Rapids in 1834 was a straggling village whose 44 residents clustered mainly along the river on the east side of a single dirt path – the future Front Street. (iWeb Corpus) In this paper, I will address the question of whether attributive V-ing premodifiers in noun phrases are adjectives or verbs. I discuss the evidence for treating (some of) these formatives as adjectives, e.g. deverbal adjectives such as interesting, satisfying, etc., and I will look at the evidence for regarding others, such as straggling in the example above as verbs. I will then discuss so-called ‘synthetic compounds’, such as cake-eating (bear), beer-swilling (neighbour) and wall-straggling (flower). These will be analysed as verbal constructions rather than as adjectives. The evidence will involve the semantics and combinatory properties of V-ing premodifiers in English noun phrases. I will show that V-ing premodifiers can take a full range of dependents and that, with some restrictions, combinations of dependents, e.g. a complement and an adjunct, are also possible.

The administrative law judge ruled against the district and the new state superintendent of public instruction, John Huppenthal, found TUSD out of compliance with state law. As one of TUSD’s staunchest MAS supporters passed away and in the wake of the multiple rulings against the district, the board voted to eliminate the program spawning walkouts that looked strikingly similar to the blowouts of the 1960s. This led UNIDOS to create the “School of Ethnic Studies,” a daylong youth-led space where students who were walking out could learn from the “forbidden curriculum.”

This chapter charts how Paul et Virginie manifests the degradation in the human – thing relationship from intimacy to estrangement; I further show how later artists and writers reincarnate the novel in “after-books” and in “after-art”—wallpaper, paintings, fans and plates. The novel’s insistence on splitting body from spirit, sexuality from virtue, and human from nonhuman leads to sacrificing the heroine’s life to reinforce the illusion of female purity. This sacrifice reinstates binaries partially transcended in the novel’s earlier sections when the characters’ respect for and kinesthetic engagement with the environment intensifies love and gives them the right to belong with each other and with the nonhuman. The chapter argues that after-things reimagine Bernardin’s novel in fresh ways, all of them contending with Paul et Virginie’s ultimate dualism: some recapitulate or complicate that binary thinking; some obliterate Bernardin’s protest against enslavement; and others forge a belonging with between human and nonhuman by restoring Paul and Virginie to life and happiness.

This chapter examines the institutional bases of the new German state, the constitution, efforts to establish national systems of transportation, communication, law, education, and the military. It also introduces the class of people who most favored these developments.