Several valuable classifications of flint points have been formulated but few of these have attempted to distinguish between those points having diagnostic value, and the numerous forms which are found rather indiscriminately over a large series of cultures and which may or may not have value as cultural determinants. Points which have been used by archaeologists as diagnostic determinants seem to be inseparably connected with distribution studies of complexes and traits. An illustration of this is the small finely chipped isosceles projectile point so diagnostic of the Middle Mississippi phase. This identical point is found in the Southwest where unfortunately it is found among several different cultures and in several different time horizons so that it does not have diagnostic value in this general area. Or again we might consider the highly diagnostic laurel leaf blade so typical of many components of the Red Ochre phase.

During excavations in Catlow valley, southeastern Oregon, by the Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, in the summers of 1937 and 1938, there were found

seven peculiar wooden tubes, each with a shallow groove around one or both ends. The specimens, shown in Fig. 10, range in size from No. 7 which is 5.3 cm. long by .5 cm. in diameter, to No. 3 which is 10.0 cm. long and .7 cm. in diameter. The largest from the standpoint of bulk is No. 5 which is 8.8 cm. long and 1.2 cm. in diameter. This specimen is the only one made from mature wood and not from short sections cut from small annual shoots. In each case the pith has been removed, leaving a clean bore the length of the section. No. 6, one of the most poorly made, apparently was never finished because the pith was never cleaned out, though it is evident that several small sticks were broken off during the attempt.